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Micro WEEK 2 > Lab Diagnosis and Sample Collection > Flashcards

Lab Diagnosis and Sample Collection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 phases of lab-basis analysis?

A
  1. )Pre-analytical
  2. ) Analytical
  3. )Post-Analytical
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2
Q

What to do during the Pre-lab phase?

A
  • Sample collection/test utilisation

- Lab may not be directly responsible for activity

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3
Q

Give 3 examples of sample collection/test utilisation

A
  • the right sample for the job
  • Sample Integrity vital for quality outcome
  • Storage and transportation to lab
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4
Q

The 3 categories of pre-analytical variation in SAMPLE ERROR

A
  1. )Pre-collection causes
  2. )Collection causes
  3. )Post collection causes
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5
Q

The four evidence based medicine

A
  1. )Patient outcome
  2. )Public health
  3. )Disease Control
  4. ) Health Plannning
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5
Q

What are the evidence for infection? (hint: MCS)

A

Microscopy, Culture, Antimicrobial sensitivity

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6
Q

What are the other ways if we can’t see or cultivate the viable organism?

A
  1. )Detection of antigens
  2. ) Serology
  3. )Detection of nucleic acids
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7
Q

Leptospirosis is an/a ________

A

Antibody

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8
Q

Dengue is an/a ________.

A

Antibody

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9
Q

HIV is an/a _________.

A

Genome/antigen/antibody

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10
Q

Typhoid is a/an___________

A

Viable organism

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11
Q

Hepatitis is a/an_____________

A

Antibody/Antigen

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12
Q

TB is a/an _____________

A

Microscopy, genome, viable organism

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13
Q

3 basic rules for M, C & S

A
  1. )Must ensure that the sample is not contaminated with microbes.
  2. )Collector should know how poor samples affect the result and have systems in place ti ensure quality
  3. )Lab must have a system in place to determine sample integrity
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14
Q

The 3 examples of getting a sample

A
  1. )Swabs
  2. )Urine
  3. )Sputum
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15
Q

When getting wound swabs, what should be avoided?

A

Contaminating the Flora

16
Q

The four urine collection techniques

A
  1. )Mid-stream collection - use sterile container
  2. )Foley’s catheter sample - prone to contamination
  3. )Bag urine - no bladder control ex. infants
  4. )Supa public Bladder tap - least to be contaminated
17
Q

Used to determine evidence of lower respiratory tract (hint: a very dangerous sample)

A

Sputum

18
Q

Are called inflammatory cells

A

Polymorphs

19
Q

Used to determine evidence of bacteraemia.

A

Blood for culture

20
Q

Diagnosis of disease using the immune response in SEROLOGY (hint: there 2 main ways)

A
  1. ) Detection of the antigen using specific antibodies

2. )Detection of specific antibodies to determine previous exposure to an infectious agent, allergen or presence of abs

21
Q

Syphilis is caused by the spirochetal bacterium

A

Treponema pallidum

22
Q

What is the commonly used test (hint: ELISA)

A

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

23
Q

Is a technique or test used to detect the presence or quantity of a substance based on its capacity to act as an antigen AG or antibody Ab

A

Immunoassay

24
Q

two main types of Immunoassay

A

Ab detection - immune response to an antigen

Use Ag to detect specific Ab

25
Q

Examples on how to use Ag to detect specific Ab

A
25
Q

Examples on how to use Ag to detect specific Ab

A
  1. ) Exposure to dengue virus
  2. )Detect Rheumatoid factor
  3. ) Antibodies made in response to vaccination
26
Q

________ is the most common sample in diagnostic tests and immunoassay.

A

Blod

27
Q

The 6 types of blood samples:

A
  1. ) Whole blood
  2. )Plasma
  3. )Serum
  4. )Venous blood
  5. )Capillary blood
  6. )Arterial Blood
28
Q

____________ is a good indicator of the physiological conditions throughout the body. (hint: a type of blood sample)

A

Venous blood

29
Q

May occur due to prolonged tourniquet constriction.

A

Haemoconcentration

30
Q

May occur due to drawing the blood sample from the same arm with an intrava=enous infusion of fluid running

A

Haemodilution

31
Q

May occur due to rough handling of the sample or from drawing the blood thorugh a small gauge needle

A

Haemolysis

32
Q

May interfere with the assay

A

Wrong tube/anticoagulant

Micro WEEK 2 (4 decks)

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