Intro to Host Defense/Immunity (Part 1)

Question 1

What do you call the natural, present before infection, increase following infection?
(Hint: defenses the body uses no matter what the invader is)

Answer 1

Immediate - “Innate Immunity”

Question 2

Give the 3 types of Immediate/Innate Immunity and give examples

Answer 2

1. ) Physical & Chemical Barriers - eg. Skin and mucous
2. )Cellular Response - eg. Phagocytosis & Inflammation
3. ) Soluble Mediators - eg. cytokines, Kinins, Complement, acute phase proteins

Question 3

It is sometimes called Specific or Acquired Immunity

Answer 3

Delayed - “Adaptive Immunity”

Question 4

Give the 2 examples of Delayed - Adaptive Immunity

Answer 4

1. ) Antibody (AB) - Humoral

2. ) Cell-mediated Response

Question 5

It is a liquid in which peripheral blood cells are suspended. (Hint: Components of the Blood/it is the top layer)

Answer 5

Plasma

Question 6

What is the total blood volume of Erythrocytes (Hint: RBC)

Answer 6

40 - 45%

Question 7

Together they make up about 1 -2% of total blood volume. (Hint: 2/Together)

Answer 7

Leucocytes (WBC) & Platelets

Question 8

What do you call a region with a grayish white layer which includes platelets, mononuclear cells and granulocytes.

Answer 8

Buffy Coat

Question 9

“Cells of the Blood and the Immune System”

Answer 9

Haematopoiesis - Formation of blood cellular components

Question 10

Immunity against Bacteria and fungi. (Hint: “Pus Cells”)

Answer 10

Neutrophil - capture, and destruction of foreign material (Phagocytosis)

Question 11

Immunity against parasites role in allergic reactions. (Hint: are in WORMS)

Answer 11

Eosinophil

Question 12

Role in Allergic Reaction and hypersensitivity

Answer 12

Basophil

Question 13

It is often found in viral infections (hint: B cells & T cells)

Answer 13

Lymphocytes

Question 14

B Cells make ______, while T Cells are_____

Answer 14

Antibodies, Natural Killer Cells

Question 15

This type of cell migrates from the bloodstream to other tissues.

Answer 15

Monocyte

Question 16

This cell helps in the engulfment and digestion of cellular debris and pathogens and stimulation of lymphocytes and other immune cells. (Hint: “The Big Host” in Phagocytosis)

Answer 16

Macrophage

Question 17

It is an Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) that activates T lymphocytes.

Answer 17

Dendritic Cells

Question 18

Name the 7 types of Cells.

Answer 18

Granulocytes

1. ) Neutrophil
2. )Eosinophil
3. )Basophil
4. ) Lymphocyte
5. ) Monocyte
6. ) Macrophage
7. ) Dendritic Cells

Question 19

Named according to the ability of the granule to react with acid or basic dyes,

Answer 19

Granulocytes

Question 20

It is called as an important antibacterial defense (hint: Neutrophil……)

Answer 20

Neutrophil Respiratory Burst - kills bacteria, reactive to oxygen and nitrogen eg. hydrogen, peroxide…

Question 21

Basophilic Granules contain ____________ (hint; 2 words) such as _______ and ___________

Answer 21

Vasoactive Amines

Histamine and Serotonin

Question 22

Where are Dendritic Cells derived from? (Hint; Ate Loids…)

Answer 22

Myeloid Progenitors

Question 23

Are Functional Proteins aka “Immunoglobin”

Answer 23

Antibodies (AB) - Enhance phagocytosis
- enhance complement-
mediated killing
-neutralize killings
-prevent pathogen
attachment

Question 24

Give the 3 ORGANS of

Primary Lymphoid organs - are which lymphocytes that develop and mature.

Answer 24

Bone marrow, Thymus. Burse of Fabricus

Question 25

Give the 3 ORGANS of Secodary Lymphoid Organs - are naive lymphocytes encounter antigen and are stimulated to become effector and memory cell populations.

Answer 25

Spleen, Lymph nodes, Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

Question 26

These 2 are the cells and mediators of innate immunity.

Answer 26

Phagocytes and Complement Proteins

Question 27

These 2 are the cells and tissues of the adaptive immune system.

Answer 27

Lymphocytes and Lymphoid organs

Question 28

Antibodies are responsible for protecting against……….

Answer 28

Extracellular Pathogens

Question 29

Cells use these molecules to communicate (hint: Innate immunity, soluble mediators)

Answer 29

Cytokines

Question 30

Are cytokines that cause cells to move in tissues.

Answer 30

Chemokines

Question 31

Soluble mediators of the immune system FOUND IN BODY FLUIDS.

Answer 31

1. ) Antibodies
2. ) Cytokines
3. ) Complement
4. ) Acute phase proteins
5. ) Kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes

Question 32

Give the 4 phases of the course of a typical infection.

Answer 32

1. ) Establishment of Infection
2. ) Inductive Phase
3. ) Effector Phase
4. ) Memory Phase