Microbial Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

Is the sum of all the chemical reactions which occur in a living organism.

Question 2

Anabolic reactions

Answer 2

Combine simpler substances into more complex molecules. REQUIRES ENERGY!

Question 3

Catabolic reactions

Answer 3

Break down complex organism compound into simpler ones.

RELEASES ENERGY!

Question 4

ATP

Answer 4

You cannot store ATP.

60% of energy is lost as heat.

Question 5

Enzymes

Answer 5

Proteins that act as catalysts in chemical reactions.

Question 6

Where are enzymes made?

Answer 6

They are made by the ribosomes in the ER.

Question 7

Catalyst

Answer 7

A substance that speeds up a reaction without being changed.

REUSABLE

Question 8

Brownian Motion or Molecular Motion

Answer 8

Molecules in a liquid or gaseous environments are in constant motion.

Question 9

Collision Theory

Answer 9

The energy transferred by the particles in the collision can disrupt chemical bonds or form new chemical bonds.

Question 10

Activation energy

Answer 10

Enzymes decrease the energy required to trigger a reaction.

Question 11

Substrate

Answer 11

“Raw material” that will be transformed by the enzyme.

Question 12

Naming of enzymes

Answer 12

All enzymes end in “ase”

Lactase, Cellulase

Question 13

Apoenzyme

Answer 13

Protein portion of an enzyme.

Question 14

Cofactor

Answer 14

Non protein portion of an enzyme.

Question 15

Cofactors can be…

Answer 15

Metal ion or a organic molecule “coenzyme”

Question 16

Metal ions

Answer 16

Calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium

Question 17

Coenzymes

Answer 17

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from vitamin niacin
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) from riboflavin
Coenzyme A (CoA) from vitamin Pantothenic acid

Question 18

NAD & FAD

Answer 18

Pick up H+ and e- and drops them off elsewhere to stabilize enzymes.

Question 19

Holoenzyme

Answer 19

When the cofactor and the apoenzyme are combined.

Question 20

Sodium citrate

Answer 20

Prevents blood enzymes from clotting blood in the laboratory by binding up the cofactor “calcium”
Needed for clotting.
Anticoagulant
REVERSEABLE

Question 21

Enzymes sequence of events

Answer 21

1) substrate contacts “active site” propelled by Brownian motion.
2) temporary “enzyme-substrate-complex”
3) substrate is transformed.
4) substrate is released as a product.
5) enzyme is reusable. Can do it again

Question 22

Increased temperature

Answer 22

Increased molecular motion, increased substrate/enzyme collisions, increased production of product.

Question 23

Decreased temperature

Answer 23

Decreased molecular motion, decreased substrate/enzyme collisions, and decreased production of product.

Question 24

Denaturation

Answer 24

Disruption of 3D shape of proteins.
Occurs at high temperatures and
High or low pH.

Question 25

PH scale

Answer 25

PH scale goes from 0-14
0- most acidic
14-most basic/alkaline
7-neutral

Question 26

Human blood pH

Answer 26

7.4, slightly basic