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Microbiology > Microbial Genetics > Flashcards

Microbial Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genetics

A 
Science of heredity 
What genes are 
How they carry information 
How they are replicated and passed on 
How the information is expressed
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2
Q

Genetic information

A

Genome(chromosomes and plasmids)

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3
Q

What is dangerous that plasmids carry?

A

Antibiotic resistance

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4
Q

KPC

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem

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5
Q

VRSA

A

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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6
Q

Escherichia coli O157: H7

A

Acquired genes for shiva toxin from shigella

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7
Q

Chromosomes

A

Structures that contain DNA that physically carry hereditary information.

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8
Q

Genes

A

Segments of DNA that code for functional products.

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9
Q

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

Macromolecule that is composed of repeating units of nucleotides. Forms a double helix

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10
Q

Genetic code

A

Unique sequences of nucleotides

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11
Q

Nucleotides

A

DNA’s building blocks

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12
Q

Exons

A

DNA coding segments that are used up.

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13
Q

Introns

A

“Junk DNA” non-coding segments. Used for spare parts

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14
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup that codes for all of an organisms characteristics.

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15
Q

Phenotype

A

Actual expressed characteristics of an organism. (Eyes, hair…)

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16
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Tightly coiled DNA and consists of large circles.

17
Q

Eukaryotes

A

VERY tightly coiled DNA and is arranged linearly.

46 chromosomes, 23 in each pair

18
Q

DNA replication

A

Each replicated DNA is passed from the parent cell to the daughter cell

19
Q

Biodirectional

A

Bacteria can replicate from more than one spot of their circular DNA

20
Q

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A

Use small samples of DNA that are increased to quantities that are large enough for analysis.
Thermostable DNA
Heat and cools
Repetitively

21
Q

Mutations

A

Permanent change in the base sequence of nucleotides in DNA.

DAMAGING!

22
Q

Examples of mutants

A 
Nitrous acid
5-bromouraci
benzypyrene 
Aflatoxin
Radiation 
 X-rays
 Gamma rays
 UV light
23
Q

Benzypyrene

A

Found in smoke and spot.

Carcinogen - scrotal cancer

24
Q

Aflatoxin

A

Provided by mold that grows on peanuts and grain

Don’t feed to live stock

Microbiology (4 decks)

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