Microbial Metabolism Flashcards
-the buildup and breakdown of nutrients within a cell
-these chemical reactions provide energy and create substances that sustain life
Metabolism
catalyze reactions for specific molecules called substrates
Enzymes
During enzymatic reactions, substrates are
transformed into new substances called
Products
is a molecule that cells use to manage energy needs
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
break down macromolecules into simple
component parts, releasing energy in the process
Catabolic pathways
build up macromolecules by combining
simpler molecules, using energy in the process
Anabolic pathways
How are pathways beneficial by nitrogen cycle?
without microbes, there would be little nitrogen available for most life
forms. Certain bacteria in
the soil convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into forms
that other life forms can use
How are pathways beneficial by beverage and drinks?
Various bacteria and yeasts carry out
catabolic reactions called fermentation. Beer, wine, and foods such as cheeses, yogurt, pickles, sauerkraut, and soy sauce tap microbial metabolism as a crucial part of production.
How are pathways beneficial by sewage treatment?
Contaminated water undergoes a variety of biological processes in sewage treatment facilities like the one shown here
How are pathways beneficial by Drugs?
The pharmaceutical industry uses
a variety of bacteria and
fungi in the production of
antibiotics, such as
penicillin.
Catabolic reactions are generally 1.________ reactions and they are 2. _____
- hydrolytic
- exergonic
hydrolytic= reactions which use water and in which chemical bonds are broken
exergonic= produce more energy than they
consume
An example of catabolism occurs when cells break
down sugars into 1.________ and 2.________
- carbon dioxide
- water
catabolic reactions are called ______
degradation
anabolic reactions are also called _____
biosynthetic
Anabolic processes often involve
1.____________ reactions and they are 2. ____________
- dehydration synthesis
- endergonic
- reactions that release water
- consume more energy than they produce
a molecule of ATP consists
of:
- adenine
- ribose
- three phosphate groups
When complex molecules are split apart (catabolism), some of the energy is 1.________ , and the rest is given off as 2.__________
- transferred to and trapped in ATP
- heat
the sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that lead to the conversion of a substance into a final product
metabolic pathways
explains how chemical reactions occur and how certain factors affect the rates of those
reactions.
Collision Theory
The collision energy required for a chemical reaction
action energy
the amount of energy needed to disrupt the stable electronic configuration of any specific molecule so that the electrons can be rearranged
activation energy
the frequency of collisions containing
sufficient energy to bring about a reaction
reaction rate
Substances that can speed up a chemical reaction without being permanently altered themselves
catalyst
produces ATP and reduces NAD+ to NADH while oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid.
Glycolysis
The Krebs cycle produces some ATP by:
- substrate-level phosphorylation
- reduces the electron carriers NAD+ and FAD
- gives off CO2
Addition of Pi molecule
Phosphorylation
