Microbial Metabolism

Question 1

-the buildup and breakdown of nutrients within a cell
-these chemical reactions provide energy and create substances that sustain life

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

catalyze reactions for specific molecules called substrates

Answer 2

Enzymes

Question 3

During enzymatic reactions, substrates are
transformed into new substances called

Answer 3

Products

Question 4

is a molecule that cells use to manage energy needs

Answer 4

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 5

break down macromolecules into simple
component parts, releasing energy in the process

Answer 5

Catabolic pathways

Question 6

build up macromolecules by combining
simpler molecules, using energy in the process

Answer 6

Anabolic pathways

Question 7

How are pathways beneficial by nitrogen cycle?

Answer 7

without microbes, there would be little nitrogen available for most life
forms. Certain bacteria in
the soil convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into forms
that other life forms can use

Question 8

How are pathways beneficial by beverage and drinks?

Answer 8

Various bacteria and yeasts carry out
catabolic reactions called fermentation. Beer, wine, and foods such as cheeses, yogurt, pickles, sauerkraut, and soy sauce tap microbial metabolism as a crucial part of production.

Question 9

How are pathways beneficial by sewage treatment?

Answer 9

Contaminated water undergoes a variety of biological processes in sewage treatment facilities like the one shown here

Question 10

How are pathways beneficial by Drugs?

Answer 10

The pharmaceutical industry uses
a variety of bacteria and
fungi in the production of
antibiotics, such as
penicillin.

Question 11

Catabolic reactions are generally 1.________ reactions and they are 2. _____

Answer 11

1. hydrolytic
2. exergonic

hydrolytic= reactions which use water and in which chemical bonds are broken
exergonic= produce more energy than they
consume

Question 12

An example of catabolism occurs when cells break
down sugars into 1.________ and 2.________

Answer 12

1. carbon dioxide
2. water

Question 13

catabolic reactions are called ______

Answer 13

degradation

Question 14

anabolic reactions are also called _____

Answer 14

biosynthetic

Question 15

Anabolic processes often involve
1.____________ reactions and they are 2. ____________

Answer 15

1. dehydration synthesis
2. endergonic

1. reactions that release water
2. consume more energy than they produce

Question 16

a molecule of ATP consists
of:

Answer 16

• adenine
• ribose
• three phosphate groups

Question 17

When complex molecules are split apart (catabolism), some of the energy is 1.________ , and the rest is given off as 2.__________

Answer 17

1. transferred to and trapped in ATP
2. heat

Question 18

the sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that lead to the conversion of a substance into a final product

Answer 18

metabolic pathways

Question 19

explains how chemical reactions occur and how certain factors affect the rates of those
reactions.

Answer 19

Collision Theory

Question 20

The collision energy required for a chemical reaction

Answer 20

action energy

Question 21

the amount of energy needed to disrupt the stable electronic configuration of any specific molecule so that the electrons can be rearranged

Answer 21

activation energy

Question 22

the frequency of collisions containing
sufficient energy to bring about a reaction

Answer 22

reaction rate

Question 23

Substances that can speed up a chemical reaction without being permanently altered themselves

Answer 23

catalyst

Question 24

produces ATP and reduces NAD+ to NADH while oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid.

Answer 24

Glycolysis

Question 25

The Krebs cycle produces some ATP by:

Answer 25

1. substrate-level phosphorylation
2. reduces the electron carriers NAD+ and FAD
3. gives off CO2

Question 26

Addition of Pi molecule

Answer 26

Phosphorylation