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Microbiology Lecture > Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (15) > Flashcards

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (15) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

any condition in which the normal structure of function of the body is damaged or impaired

A

Disease

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2
Q

the successful colonization of a microorganism within a host

A

Infection

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3
Q

objective or measurable indication of a disease by clinician

A

Signs of disease

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4
Q

group of signs and symptoms characteristic of a particular disease

A

Syndrome

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5
Q

subjective experience of disease felt by the patient (Pain)

A

Symptoms

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6
Q

not exhibiting any symptoms of disease

A

Asymptomatic

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7
Q

disease that does not present any signs or symptoms

A

Subclinical

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8
Q

second infection that develops after a primary infection as a result of the primary compromising immune defenses or antibiotic, thus eliminating protective microbiota

A

Secondary Infection

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9
Q

Infection that has spread to multiple locations or body systems

A

Systemic Infection

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10
Q

Having an infection in the blood, pathogens are multiplying in the blood

A

Septic/Septicemia

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11
Q

condition marked by the prescense of bacteria in the blood

A

Bacteremia

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12
Q

prescense of virus in the blood

A

Viremia

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13
Q

Poison produced by a pathogen

A

Toxins

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14
Q

ability of the pathogen to produce toxins to cause damage to the host cells

A

Toxigenicity

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15
Q

lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria

A

Endotoxin

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16
Q

Biologically active product that causes adverse changes in the host cells

A

Exotoxin

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17
Q

agent that causes cancer

A

Carcinogen

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18
Q

disease caused by a pathogen

A

Infectious disease

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19
Q

disease caused by or acquired during a medical procedure

A

Iatrogenic Disease

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20
Q

disease acquired in a hospital setting

A

Nosocomial Disease

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21
Q

any disease that is transmitted to humans by animals

A

Zoonotic Disease

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22
Q

disease that is not transmitted from one person to another

A

Noncommunicable Infectious Disease

23
Q

disease caused by something other than an infectious agent (genetics, environment, nutritional deficiencies)

A

Noninfectious Disease

24
Q

the first stage of acute disease, during which the pathogen begins multiplying in the host and signs and symptoms are not observable

A

Incubation Period

25
Q

second stage of acute disease, during which the pathogen continues to multiply in the host and nonspecific signs and symptoms become observable

A

Prodromal Period

26
Q

third stage of acute disease during which the number of pathogens present in the host is greatest and the signs and symptoms of the disease are most severe

A

Period of Illness

27
Q

fourth stage of acute disease, during which the number of pathogens in the host declines, along with sings and symptoms

A

Period of Decline

28
Q

fifth stage of acute disease, during which the patient returns to normal function

A

Period of Convalescence

29
Q

disease of a relatively short duration that develops and progresses in a predictable pattern

A

Acute Disease

30
Q

molecules on the surface of pathogens that promote colonization of host tissue

A

Adhesins

31
Q

any disease that progresses and persists over a long time

A

Chronic Infections

32
Q

disease that does into formant non replicative state after the acute disease and can persist in the state or years, with the risk of reactivation back into acute disease

A

Latent Disease

33
Q

microorganism that can cause disease in the hosts regardless of the effectiveness of the hosts immune system

A

Primary Pathogen

34
Q

concentration of pathogen that will produce active infection in 50% of test animals inoculated

A

Median Infectious Dose (ID50)

35
Q

concentration of pathogen that kills 50% of infected test animals

A

Median Lethal Dose (LD50)

36
Q

degree to which an organism is pathogenic; severity of disease signs and symptoms

A

Virulence

37
Q

product of a pathogen that assists in its ability to cause infection and disease

A

Virulence Factor

38
Q

microorganisms that can cause disease in individuals with compromised host defenses

A

Opportunistic Pathogens

39
Q

anatomical feature of the body through which pathogens can leave diseased individual

A

Portal of Exit

40
Q

anatomical feature of the body through which pathogens can enter host tissue

A

Portal of Entry

41
Q

means of entry by a pathogen through skin or mucus membranes when these barriers are breached

A

Parenteral Route

42
Q

initial infection produced by a pathogen

A

Primary Infection

43
Q

infection in one limited area

A

Local Infection

44
Q

infection in which the pathogen causes infection in one location that then spreads to a secondary location

A

Focal Infection

45
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A
  1. The suspected pathogen must be found in every case of disease and not be found in healthy individuals
  2. The suspected pathogen can be isolated and grown in pure culture
  3. A healthy test subject infected with the suspected pathogen must develop the same signs and symptoms of disease as seen in postulate 1
  4. The pathogen must be re-isolated from the new host and must be identical to the pathogen from postulate 2
46
Q

diseases easily spread from person to person through either direct or indirect mechanisms

A

Communicable Disease

47
Q

infectious disease that is transmitted by contact with an infected individual, infected bodily fluid, contaminated surface, object, or by ingesting

A

Contagious Disease

48
Q

the property of causing disease

A

Pathogenicity

49
Q

Stages of Pathogenesis

A

Exposure, Adhesion, Invasion, and Infection

50
Q

capability of microbes to attach to the host

A

Adhesion

51
Q

dissemination of a pathogen through local tissues or throughout the body

A

Invasion

52
Q

contact between potential pathogen and host

A

Exposure

53
Q

Period of Disease (Stages)

A

Incubation, Prodromal, Period of Illness, Period of Decline, Period of Convalescence

Microbiology Lecture (5 decks)

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