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Microbiology Lecture > Disease & Epidemiology (16) > Flashcards

Disease & Epidemiology (16) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Track occurrences of disease

A

Epidemiologists

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2
Q

Number of new cases of a disease in a given area during a given period of time

A

Incidence

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3
Q

Number of total cases of a disease in a given area during a given period of time

A

Prevalence

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4
Q

A disease that is always present (Influenza)

A

Endemic Disease

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5
Q

A disease that is rare and has very few outbreaks (Leprosy)

A

Sporadic

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6
Q

A disease that spreads to other countries but only in one continent, isolated

A

Epidemic

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7
Q

A disease that spreads across continents. (COVID 19)

A

Pandemic

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8
Q

When studying an epidemic, an epidemiologist first task is to determine the

A

Etiologic Agent/Causative Agent

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9
Q

Carefully tabulate data concerning a disease

Record location and time of the cause of disease

Collect patient information

A

Descriptive Epidemiology

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10
Q

Seeks to determine the cause, mode of transmission, and methods of prevention
Useful in situations when Koch’s postulates can’t be applies
Often retrospective (after outbreak has occurred)

A

Analytical Epidemiology

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11
Q

Test hypothesis concerning the cause of a disease

Apply Koch’s postulates

A

Experimental Epidemiology

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12
Q

from a reservoir or a portal of exit to another host’s portal of entry

A

Transmission

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13
Q

Name the 3 groups of Transmisison

A

Contact, Vehicle, and Vector

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14
Q

Usually involves body contact between hosts

Transmission within a single individual can occur (fecal-oral transmission)

A

Direct Contact Transmission

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15
Q

Form of transmission, Pathogens are spread from host to host by fomites (inanimate objects)

A

Indirect Transmission

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16
Q

Form of Transmission, Spread of pathogens in droplets of mucus by exhaling, coughing, and sneezing (COVID 19)

A

Droplet Transmission

17
Q

Form of transmission from poorly refrigerated foods that can harbor pathogens and transmit diseases.

A

Food Transmission

18
Q

4 Types of Vehicle Transmission

A

Airborne, Waterborne, Foodborne, and Bodily fluid

19
Q

When pathogens travel more than 1 meter via aerosol

Sneezing, coughing, air conditioning, and sweeping

A

Airborne Transmission

20
Q

Important in the spread of many G.I. diseases
Fecal-Oral infection
Polio
Natural disasters

A

Waterborne Transmission

21
Q

Spread of pathogens in and on foods
Inadequately processed, cooked, or refrigerated foods
Foods may become contaminated with feces

A

Foodborne Transmission

22
Q

Pathogens from blood, Urine, and saliva

Ebola and HIV

A

Bodily Fluid Transmission

23
Q

Animals that transmit disease among host

A

Vector Transmission

24
Q

Transmit pathogens and serve as host for some stage of the pathogen’s life cycle
Biting arthropods (mosquito) transmit many diseases to the humans
Malaria disease

A

Biological Vectors

25
Q

Passively transmit pathogens present on their body to new host (fly)

A

Mechanical Vectors

26
Q

4 Types of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI)

A

Exogenous, Endogenous, Iatrogenic, and Superinfections

27
Q

Pathogens acquired associated from the health care environment

A

Exogenous (HAI)

28
Q

Pathogen arises from normal microbiota as a result of factors within the health care setting (C.diff)

A

Endogenous (HAI)

29
Q

Results from modern medical procedures (staph infection from a medical device)

A

Iatrogenic

30
Q

Use of antimicrobial drugs (antibiotics) reduces competition from some resident microbiota, allowing other microbes to thrive.

A

Superinfections

31
Q

Infectious disease that is either new to the human population or has shown an increase in prevalence in the previous twenty years

A

Emerging Infections

Microbiology Lecture (5 decks)

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