Disease & Epidemiology (16)

Question 1

Track occurrences of disease

Answer 1

Epidemiologists

Question 2

Number of new cases of a disease in a given area during a given period of time

Answer 2

Incidence

Question 3

Number of total cases of a disease in a given area during a given period of time

Answer 3

Prevalence

Question 4

A disease that is always present (Influenza)

Answer 4

Endemic Disease

Question 5

A disease that is rare and has very few outbreaks (Leprosy)

Answer 5

Sporadic

Question 6

A disease that spreads to other countries but only in one continent, isolated

Answer 6

Epidemic

Question 7

A disease that spreads across continents. (COVID 19)

Answer 7

Pandemic

Question 8

When studying an epidemic, an epidemiologist first task is to determine the

Answer 8

Etiologic Agent/Causative Agent

Question 9

Carefully tabulate data concerning a disease

Record location and time of the cause of disease

Collect patient information

Answer 9

Descriptive Epidemiology

Question 10

Seeks to determine the cause, mode of transmission, and methods of prevention
Useful in situations when Koch’s postulates can’t be applies
Often retrospective (after outbreak has occurred)

Answer 10

Analytical Epidemiology

Question 11

Test hypothesis concerning the cause of a disease

Apply Koch’s postulates

Answer 11

Experimental Epidemiology

Question 12

from a reservoir or a portal of exit to another host’s portal of entry

Answer 12

Transmission

Question 13

Name the 3 groups of Transmisison

Answer 13

Contact, Vehicle, and Vector

Question 14

Usually involves body contact between hosts

Transmission within a single individual can occur (fecal-oral transmission)

Answer 14

Direct Contact Transmission

Question 15

Form of transmission, Pathogens are spread from host to host by fomites (inanimate objects)

Answer 15

Indirect Transmission

Question 16

Form of Transmission, Spread of pathogens in droplets of mucus by exhaling, coughing, and sneezing (COVID 19)

Answer 16

Droplet Transmission

Question 17

Form of transmission from poorly refrigerated foods that can harbor pathogens and transmit diseases.

Answer 17

Food Transmission

Question 18

4 Types of Vehicle Transmission

Answer 18

Airborne, Waterborne, Foodborne, and Bodily fluid

Question 19

When pathogens travel more than 1 meter via aerosol

Sneezing, coughing, air conditioning, and sweeping

Answer 19

Airborne Transmission

Question 20

Important in the spread of many G.I. diseases
Fecal-Oral infection
Polio
Natural disasters

Answer 20

Waterborne Transmission

Question 21

Spread of pathogens in and on foods
Inadequately processed, cooked, or refrigerated foods
Foods may become contaminated with feces

Answer 21

Foodborne Transmission

Question 22

Pathogens from blood, Urine, and saliva

Ebola and HIV

Answer 22

Bodily Fluid Transmission

Question 23

Animals that transmit disease among host

Answer 23

Vector Transmission

Question 24

Transmit pathogens and serve as host for some stage of the pathogen’s life cycle
Biting arthropods (mosquito) transmit many diseases to the humans
Malaria disease

Answer 24

Biological Vectors

Question 25

Passively transmit pathogens present on their body to new host (fly)

Answer 25

Mechanical Vectors

Question 26

4 Types of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI)

Answer 26

Exogenous, Endogenous, Iatrogenic, and Superinfections

Question 27

Pathogens acquired associated from the health care environment

Answer 27

Exogenous (HAI)

Question 28

Pathogen arises from normal microbiota as a result of factors within the health care setting (C.diff)

Answer 28

Endogenous (HAI)

Question 29

Results from modern medical procedures (staph infection from a medical device)

Answer 29

Iatrogenic

Question 30

Use of antimicrobial drugs (antibiotics) reduces competition from some resident microbiota, allowing other microbes to thrive.

Answer 30

Superinfections

Question 31

Infectious disease that is either new to the human population or has shown an increase in prevalence in the previous twenty years

Answer 31

Emerging Infections