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Microbiology > Microbial Growth and Nutrition > Flashcards

Microbial Growth and Nutrition Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why does lag phase exsist?

A
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2
Q

What is the exponential phase?

A

When DNA growth is maximized.

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3
Q

What happens to the rate of reproduction as nutrients are depleted and wastes accumulate?

A

Decrease

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4
Q

What is the stationary phase?

A

When the # of dying cells equals the # of cells being produced, and the size of the population remains constant.

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5
Q

Which cells can stay alive in the stationary phase?

A

Really resilient, stress tolerant cells.

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6
Q

What is the death phase?

A

Cells die at a faster rate than they are produced. Nutrients are not added and wastes are not removed. (Some cells survive)

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7
Q

When dying cells release nutrients and the remaining cells feed off these nutrients, what stage is this?

A

Long-term stationary phase

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8
Q

Does the long term stationary phase happen in a healthy digestive system?

A

Yes.

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9
Q

What is generation time?

A

The amount of time for a population of cells to double in number.

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10
Q

True or False.
E. Coli can multiply very quickly.

A

True

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11
Q

What are the environmental factors affection growth?

A

1.) Solute concentration/osmosis
2.)pH
3.)Temperature
4.) Oxygen concentration

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12
Q

Do halophiles love salty environments?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What is an osmophile?

A
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14
Q

What is a compatible solute?

A
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15
Q

At what pH do acidophiles exsist?

A

pH 0.0-5.5

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16
Q

At what pH do neutrophiles exist?

A

pH 5.5-8.0

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17
Q

At what pH do alkalophiles exist?

A

pH 8-11.5

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18
Q

What happens to proteins at high temperatures?

A
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19
Q

What happens to lipids at cold temperatures?

A
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20
Q

What is the maximum growth temperature?

A
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21
Q

What is the optimal growth temperature?

A
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22
Q

What is the minimum growth temperature?

A
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23
Q

What are most human pathogens?

A

Mesophiles

24
Q

What organism is oxygen toxic to?

A

Anarob

25
Q

Which 3 enzymes turn toxic peroxide or superoxide into harmless molecules?

A

Catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase.

26
Q

What is the catalase test?

A
27
Q

What is an obligate aerobe?

A

Have catalase and peroxidase

28
Q

What are obligate anaerobes?

A

Do not have catalase and peroxidase

29
Q

What are facultative anaerobes?

A
30
Q

What are aerotolerant anaerobes?

A
31
Q

What are microaerophiles?

A
32
Q

What does a liquid thioglycollate growth media identify?

A

Oxygen requirements

33
Q

What are biofilms?

A

Microbial communities, that have synergistic relationships among numerous microorganisms, attached to surfaces such as teeth, rocks in streams, showers and implants.

34
Q

What is the sample you are trying to grow?

A

Innoculum

35
Q

What is the collection of nutrients innoculum can grow on.

A

Medium

36
Q

What is the liquid media?

A

Broth

37
Q

What are the cultures visible on solid media?

A

Colonies

38
Q

What is the basis of all solid media?

A

Agar

39
Q

What is agar?

A

complex polysaccharide derived from the cell walls of certain red algae

40
Q

At what temperature does agar dissolve in water? Why is this beneficial?

A

100 C

This doesn’t kill most nutrients

41
Q

At what temperature does agar solidify? Why is this beneficial?

A

40 C

The ability to add more temperature-sensitive nutrients before solidifying

42
Q

What is complex media?

A
43
Q

What is selective media?

A

Contains substances that either favor the growth of particular microorganisms or inhibit the growth of unwanted ones.

44
Q

Eosin, Methylene Blue, Bile Salts – all kill gram positives but are harmless to gram negatives
Increase NaCl to ensure only halophiles grow

FIX UP

A

Selective media

45
Q

What is differential media?

A

Either the presence of visible changes in the medium or differences in the appearance of colonies help us differentiate among the kinds of bacteria growing on the medium

46
Q

What kind of media is the utilization of RBC’s in blood agar an example of?

A

Differential media

47
Q

Carbohydrate utilization tubes: each tube contains a single kind of simple carbohydrate as a carbon source and the dye phenol red as a pH indicator.

What kind of media is this an example of?

A

Differential media

48
Q

How do we grow anaerobic media?

A

Stab culture

49
Q

Nutrient agar?

A
50
Q

What do MacConkey agar do?

A

They enhance the growth of certain species that can then be distinguished from other species by variations in appearance

51
Q

True or false. Macconkey agar is only selective

A

False. It can be selective AND differential

52
Q

What are the 8 ways to identify microorganisms?

A

Shape, margin, elevation, size, texture, appearance, pigmentation, optical property.

53
Q

What 4 places can we take clinical samples to test for microbes?

A

1.) Skin, accessible membrane, wounds
2.) Blood
3.) Cerebrospinal fluid
4.) Lungs
5.) Other: Intubation, catheter, biopsy

54
Q

What is a streak plate used for?

A

To isolate the organisms from a mixed population into a pure culture. Inoculum is diluted by streaking it across the surface of the agar plate.

55
Q

What is serial dilution? And when is it used?

A

It’s used for very large populations to isolate the colony and measure the population size.

56
Q

What is membrane filtration? And when is it used?

A

Used for very small populations. Membrane filter retains samples.b

57
Q

What is turbidity? And when is it used?

A

Used indirectly for large populations. You’re not counting at all.

Microbiology (3 decks)

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