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Microbiology > Microbial Diversity > Flashcards

Microbial Diversity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What 2 classifications can you divide organisms?

A

Cellular and acellular

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2
Q

Define acellular.

A
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3
Q

What are the 7 key groups of microorganisms?

A
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4
Q

How do we sort species? (6 ways)

A
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5
Q

What is the most reliable way to sort species?

A

DNA sequences

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6
Q

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Have a nucleus

A

False.

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7
Q

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Have no membrane bound organelles.

A

True

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8
Q

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Have circular chromosomes.

A

True

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9
Q

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Sexual reproduction.

A

False, asexual

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10
Q

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Unicellular/colonial.

A

True

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11
Q

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Usually large

A

False. Small

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12
Q

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Are ubiquitous.

A

True

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13
Q

What kind of cell wall do bacteria have?

A

Peptidoglycan

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14
Q

Are most bacteria harmful to humans?

A

No. Most are neutral/beneficial

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15
Q

Archaeans. True or False.
Peptidoglycan cell wall.

A

False. non-peptidoglycan

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16
Q

Archaeans. True or False.
Ribosomal structure closer to eukaryotes.

A

True

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17
Q

Archaeans. True or False.
Found in extreme environments.

A

True

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18
Q

Archaeans. True or False.
Associated with disease.

A

False, wouldn’t survive in the human body.

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19
Q

Archaeans. True or False.
Associated with human disease

A

False

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20
Q

What does karyotic mean?

A

Nut (Pro-prenut) (Eu-Truenut)

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21
Q

Name 5 eukaryotes

A

protists, algae, fungi, plants, animals

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22
Q

True or false. Eukaryotes.
Could be unicellular, colony, or multicellular

A

True.

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23
Q

How are fungi different from plants?

A
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24
Q

What is an absorptive heterotroph?

A
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25
Q

What is the cell wall of fungi made of?

A
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26
Q

Are fungi multicellular or unicellular?

A

Both

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27
Q

Common unicellular fungi?

A

Yeast

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28
Q

Common example of a multicellular fungi.

A

Mould

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29
Q

What are hyphae?

A
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30
Q

Are protozoans protists?

A

No

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31
Q

Are protozoans ingestive heterotrophs?

A

Yes

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32
Q

How are protozoans sorted?

A

Mode of motility

33
Q

True or false. Protozoans are single-celled eukaryotes with animal-like digestion.

A

True

34
Q

What do leishmania cause?

A

Leishmaniasis

35
Q

What do plasmodium cause?

A

Malaria

36
Q

What do trypanosoma cause?

A

African sleeping sickness

37
Q

What do giardia cause?

A

Giardiasis.

38
Q

Algae. True or false.
Can be unicellular or multicellular

A

True

39
Q

Algae. True or false.
They are eukaryotic photosynthetic autotrophs.

A

True

40
Q

How are algae categorized?

A

Their pigmentation and composition of their cell walls.

41
Q

Are seaweed and kelp multicellular or unicellular?

A

Multicellular

42
Q

What is an algal bloom?

A
43
Q

What causes schistosomisis?

A

Blood fluke

44
Q

What causes ascariasis?

A

Ascaris

45
Q

What do tapeworms do?

A

Absorbs nutrients from intestinal walls.

46
Q

First microbiology in history.

A

400 BC Hippocrates considers a link between environment and disease.

47
Q

Who first used a microscope?

A

Robert Hooke

48
Q

Who coined the term cell?

A

Robert Hooke

49
Q

What did Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek do?

A

Founder of microbiology. He was the first to report the existence of most types of organisms.

50
Q

What is a protist?

A

Any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus

51
Q

What were Van Leeuwenhoek’s discoveries?

A
52
Q

Who was the founder of taxonomics?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

53
Q

What are the 7 taxon?

A
54
Q

Binomial Nomenclature consists of what 2 terms?

A
55
Q

What did Aristotle contribute?

A

Abiogenesis.

56
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

Life emerging from non living matter

57
Q

Who questioned Aristotle’s theory of spontaneous generation? How?

A

Fransisco Redi. Through his sealed vs unsealed vs gauze covered flask.

58
Q

How did John Needham support spontaneous generation?

A

Broth, boiled ( killed everything) then covered vile and the growth came back.

59
Q

What was the Pasteur experiment?

A

Swan-necked flask experiment. Infusion of heat, steam escapes, air moves out, dust from air settles. He concluded that the microbes in the liquid were the progeny of microbes that had been on the dust particles in the air.

60
Q

What was one of the first examples of the scientific method?

A

Pasteur and fermentation of grape juice

61
Q

What was Pasteur’s final contribution?

A

Pasteurization.

62
Q

What is pasteurization?

A

Heating in order to kill most bacteria without ruining the taste and other qualities.

63
Q

What was Paseur’s germ theory?

A

Microorganisms are also responsible for disease. Each disease in caused by a specific germ.

64
Q

What did Robert Koch study?

A

The etiology of infectious disease

65
Q

Who was the first to:
Do simple staining techniques

A
66
Q

Who was the first to:
REVISIT

A

THE CONTRIBUTIONS

67
Q

What were the 2 major discoveries of Koch?

A
68
Q

What was Koch’s Postulates?

A

The suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from healthy cases

The agent must be isolated and grown outside the host

When the agent is introduced to a healthy, susceptible host, the host must get the disease

The same agent must be found in the diseased experimental host.

69
Q

What did Ignaz Semmelweis observe?

A

That women giving birth where medical students trained died from puerperal fever 20X more than women birthing at home

Hypothesized it was due to cadaver particles in med students

Handwashing with chlorinated lime water decreased mortality

70
Q

What did Joseph Lister do?

A

Introduced antiseptic technique and disinfection into surgical theatres.

71
Q

Who sprayed phenol on incisions and wounds?

A

Joseph Lister

72
Q

Who interested antiseptic techniques into nursing practices. Like scrubbing furniture, equipment, changing clothes and dressings

A

Florence Nightingale

73
Q
A
74
Q

Who successfully correlated cholera propagation with poor water sanitation?

A

John Snow

75
Q

What did the sanitation of water supply lead to? (2 major branches of microbiology)

A

1.) infection control
2.) Epidemiology

76
Q

What are the 2 viral variants of smallpox?

A

Variola Major and Variola Minor

77
Q

What is variolation?

A

Using dried materials from active small pox individual and scratch it into healthy individual’s arm.

78
Q

What was Jenner known for?

A

Vaccine. Injecting an 8-year old boy with pus from milkmaid’s cowpox blisters.

Weeks later the boy’s antibodies fought smallpox

79
Q
A

Microbiology (3 decks)

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