Microbial Genetics Flashcards
1
Q
Mutation can be induced by…
A
- UV light exposure
- X-rays
- Radioactive substances
- Chemical agents
- Viruses
2
Q
Most common type of mutation is ______
A
silent
3
Q
Lysogenic Conversion
A
- Viral info (phage DNA) passes to bacteria through BACTERIOPHAGE
- Phage integrates into bacterial chromosome - becomes a PROPHAGE
- Chromosome with prophage replicates
4
Q
Transformation
A
- Uptake of DNA fragments from dead bacteria - naked DNA
- Ability to absorb naked DNA into cell = competence
- Not widespread in nature
- Everything happens in 1 cell
5
Q
Transduction
A
- Cell to cell
- Bacteriophage injects DNA into bacteria (1 color)
- Bacterial chromosome breaks up/is fragmented
- Bacterial chromosome fragments and phage fragments join up to form more phages (2 colors)
- New phages lysed into new bacteriophage
- Bacteriophage injects combined DNA into new cell
- Genes from original host incorporate into new bacterial chromosome (3 colors)
6
Q
Conjugation
A
- Sex pilus
- Genetic material transferred through sex pilus from one cell to another
7
Q
Transposition
A
- Transposons move from one DNA sure to another within same organism
- Jumping gene
- Has to replicate/photocopy itself
8
Q
Plasmid Acquisition
A
- extrachromosomal DNA molecule
- plasmid acquisition = new genes
9
Q
Most common method of genetic transfer is _______; most rare is ________
A
Conjugation (sex pilus); Transformation (naked DNA)
10
Q
Plasmid + chromosome =
A
episome
11
Q
Definition of R-factor
A
A plasmid that contains multiple genes for antibiotic resistance
12
Q
Definition of Superbug
A
Bacteria that receives R-factor
