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BIO 234 > Microbial Disease and Epidemiology > Flashcards

Microbial Disease and Epidemiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
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Germ Theory of Disease

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2
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•Ignasz Semmelweis (Germ Theory of Disease)

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3
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Robert Koch (Germ Theory of Disease)

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4
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Koch’s Postulates (Germ Theory of Disease)

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5
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•Microorganism that causes disease

A

•Pathogen

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6
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•Causes disease in healthy individuals

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•True Pathogen

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7
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  • Does not normally cause disease
  • Takes advantage of compromised host
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•Opportunistic Pathogen

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8
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•The presence of microbes in or on the body

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•Contamination

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9
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•When organism evades body’s external defenses, multiplies, and becomes established in the body

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•Infection

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10
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•Illness due to presence of toxins, but not growth of organism

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•Intoxication

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11
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•Altered normal body function

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•Disease

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12
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•Presence of disease

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•Morbidity

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13
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•death due to disease

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•Mortality

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14
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•Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient

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•Symptoms

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15
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• Objective manifestations of disease observed or measured by others

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•Signs

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16
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•Lack of symptoms

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•Asymptomatic

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17
Q

•Illness due to a microbial pathogen

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Infectious Disease

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18
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•Infective dose (ID)

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19
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Stages of Infectious Disease

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  1. •Incubation period
  2. •Prodromal period
  3. •Illness
  4. •Decline
  5. •Convalescence
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20
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21
Q
  • Study of the patterns of transmission and causes of disease
  • Public health issues
  • CDC and WHO
A

Epidemiology

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22
Q
  • 1854 London cholera outbreak
  • Tracked incidence of disease in relation to water sources
  • Determined cholera was being transmitted via water sources connected to Thames river
A

•John Snow

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23
Q

•Total number of cases in a population

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•Prevalence

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24
Q

•Number of new cases in a population in a given period of time

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•Incidence

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25
Q

•Increased incidence over what is expected for a particular time and place

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•Outbreak

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26
Q
  • Constant incidence/prevalence of a disease in a given area
  • Prevalence is never zero
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•Endemic Disease

27
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  • Very small numbers, occurs occasionally
  • Prevalence usually zero
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•Sporadic Disease

28
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•Disease is not typically transmitted from host to host

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•Non-communicable disease

29
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•Disease that is transmitted from person to person

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•Communicable disease

30
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•Highly communicable disease

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•Contagious disease

31
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  • Outbreak that covers a wide, but geographically isolated, area
  • Increased incidence
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•Epidemic Disease

32
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•Worldwide epidemic

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•Pandemic Disease

33
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  1. Endemic disease
  2. Sporadic disease
  3. Epidemic
  4. Pandemic
34
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•Common source or Point source (Epidemic)

35
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•Propagated (Epidemic)

36
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•Where pathogens are maintained as a source of contamination

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Reservoir

37
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•Nonliving reservoirs

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  • Soil
  • Water
38
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•Living reservoirs

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  • Animals
  • Human
39
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•Zoonoses or Zoonotic Disease (Animal reservoirs)

40
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Human reservoirs

41
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•Asymptomatic carrier (Human reservoirs)

42
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•Passive carrier (Human reservoirs)

43
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•Three major types of transmission

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  1. Contact transmission
  2. Vehicle transmission
  3. Vector transmission
44
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•Direct contact (Contact Transmission)

45
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•Indirect contact (Contact Transmission)

46
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•Droplet (Contact Transmission)

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48
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Vehicle Transmission

49
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Vector Transmission

50
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•Biological vector (Vector Transmission)

51
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•Mechanical vector (Vector Transmission)

52
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•Infections acquired while receiving health care at a facility

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Health-care Associated Infections (HAI)

53
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•Types of HAIs

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  • Exogenous
  • Endogenous
  • Iatrogenic
54
Q

•Pathogen acquired from the health care environment

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•Exogenous (HAI)

55
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•Pathogen arises from normal microbiota due to factors within the health care setting

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•Endogenous (HAI)

56
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•Results from medical practitioner – doctor, surgeon, etc.

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•Iatrogenic (HAI)

57
Q

What is the similarity between a true pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen? How are they different?

A
  • Similarities
    • Consists of a microorganism that causes disease
  • Differences
    • True pathogens make healthy individuals sick
    • Opportunistic pathogens need a host with a compromised immune system to cause illness
      • Opportunistics pathogens normally don’t cause diseas in healthy individuals
58
Q

What is contamination? How is that different from infection?

A
  • Contamination is the presence of microbes in or on the body
  • Infection is when the contaminate evades body’s external defenses, multiplies, and becomes established in the body
59
Q

What is meant by carrier?

A
60
Q

What types of jobs would be most at risk of acquiring a zoonotic disease?

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Zookeepers, circus clowns, lion tamers

61
Q

When you go to a health care provider, they check for signs and symptoms of disease. How are these similar, how are they different? Which on is subjective, which one is objective?

A
62
Q

Describe what a person experiences during the major stages of disease.

  1. Incubation
  2. Prodrome
  3. Illness
  4. Decline
  5. Convalescence
A
  1. Incubation - no signs or symptoms of disease
  2. Prodrome- vague, general symptoms (ex: sniffles, aches, fever)
  3. Illness- most severe signs and symptoms (ex: vomitting, diarrhea)
  4. Decline- declining signs and symptoms
  5. Convalescence- no signs or symptoms
63
Q

What are Koch’s postulates?

A

BIO 234 (7 decks)

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