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BIO 234 > Microbial Disease and Epidemiology > Flashcards

Microbial Disease and Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q
A

Germ Theory of Disease

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2
Q
A

•Ignasz Semmelweis (Germ Theory of Disease)

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3
Q
A

Robert Koch (Germ Theory of Disease)

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4
Q
A

Koch’s Postulates (Germ Theory of Disease)

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5
Q

•Microorganism that causes disease

A

•Pathogen

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6
Q

•Causes disease in healthy individuals

A

•True Pathogen

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7
Q
  • Does not normally cause disease
  • Takes advantage of compromised host
A

•Opportunistic Pathogen

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8
Q

•The presence of microbes in or on the body

A

•Contamination

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9
Q

•When organism evades body’s external defenses, multiplies, and becomes established in the body

A

•Infection

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10
Q

•Illness due to presence of toxins, but not growth of organism

A

•Intoxication

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11
Q

•Altered normal body function

A

•Disease

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12
Q

•Presence of disease

A

•Morbidity

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13
Q

•death due to disease

A

•Mortality

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14
Q

•Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient

A

•Symptoms

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15
Q

• Objective manifestations of disease observed or measured by others

A

•Signs

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16
Q

•Lack of symptoms

A

•Asymptomatic

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17
Q

•Illness due to a microbial pathogen

A

Infectious Disease

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18
Q
A

•Infective dose (ID)

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19
Q

Stages of Infectious Disease

A
  1. •Incubation period
  2. •Prodromal period
  3. •Illness
  4. •Decline
  5. •Convalescence
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20
Q
A
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21
Q
  • Study of the patterns of transmission and causes of disease
  • Public health issues
  • CDC and WHO
A

Epidemiology

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22
Q
  • 1854 London cholera outbreak
  • Tracked incidence of disease in relation to water sources
  • Determined cholera was being transmitted via water sources connected to Thames river
A

•John Snow

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23
Q

•Total number of cases in a population

A

•Prevalence

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24
Q

•Number of new cases in a population in a given period of time

A

•Incidence

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25
Q

•Increased incidence over what is expected for a particular time and place

A

•Outbreak

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26
Q
  • Constant incidence/prevalence of a disease in a given area
  • Prevalence is never zero
A

•Endemic Disease

27
Q
  • Very small numbers, occurs occasionally
  • Prevalence usually zero
A

•Sporadic Disease

28
Q

•Disease is not typically transmitted from host to host

A

•Non-communicable disease

29
Q

•Disease that is transmitted from person to person

A

•Communicable disease

30
Q

•Highly communicable disease

A

•Contagious disease

31
Q
  • Outbreak that covers a wide, but geographically isolated, area
  • Increased incidence
A

•Epidemic Disease

32
Q

•Worldwide epidemic

A

•Pandemic Disease

33
Q
A
  1. Endemic disease
  2. Sporadic disease
  3. Epidemic
  4. Pandemic
34
Q
A

•Common source or Point source (Epidemic)

35
Q
A

•Propagated (Epidemic)

36
Q

•Where pathogens are maintained as a source of contamination

37
Q

•Nonliving reservoirs

A
  • Soil
  • Water
38
Q

•Living reservoirs

A
  • Animals
  • Human
39
Q
A

•Zoonoses or Zoonotic Disease (Animal reservoirs)

40
Q
A

Human reservoirs

41
Q
A

•Asymptomatic carrier (Human reservoirs)

42
Q
A

•Passive carrier (Human reservoirs)

43
Q

•Three major types of transmission

A
  1. Contact transmission
  2. Vehicle transmission
  3. Vector transmission
44
Q
A

•Direct contact (Contact Transmission)

45
Q
A

•Indirect contact (Contact Transmission)

46
Q
A

•Droplet (Contact Transmission)

48
Q
A

Vehicle Transmission

49
Q
A

Vector Transmission

50
Q
A

•Biological vector (Vector Transmission)

51
Q
A

•Mechanical vector (Vector Transmission)

52
Q

•Infections acquired while receiving health care at a facility

A

Health-care Associated Infections (HAI)

53
Q

•Types of HAIs

A
  • Exogenous
  • Endogenous
  • Iatrogenic
54
Q

•Pathogen acquired from the health care environment

A

•Exogenous (HAI)

55
Q

•Pathogen arises from normal microbiota due to factors within the health care setting

A

•Endogenous (HAI)

56
Q

•Results from medical practitioner – doctor, surgeon, etc.

A

•Iatrogenic (HAI)

57
Q

What is the similarity between a true pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen? How are they different?

A
  • Similarities
    • Consists of a microorganism that causes disease
  • Differences
    • True pathogens make healthy individuals sick
    • Opportunistic pathogens need a host with a compromised immune system to cause illness
      • Opportunistics pathogens normally don’t cause diseas in healthy individuals
58
Q

What is contamination? How is that different from infection?

A
  • Contamination is the presence of microbes in or on the body
  • Infection is when the contaminate evades body’s external defenses, multiplies, and becomes established in the body
59
Q

What is meant by carrier?

60
Q

What types of jobs would be most at risk of acquiring a zoonotic disease?

A

Zookeepers, circus clowns, lion tamers

61
Q

When you go to a health care provider, they check for signs and symptoms of disease. How are these similar, how are they different? Which on is subjective, which one is objective?

62
Q

Describe what a person experiences during the major stages of disease.

  1. Incubation
  2. Prodrome
  3. Illness
  4. Decline
  5. Convalescence
A
  1. Incubation - no signs or symptoms of disease
  2. Prodrome- vague, general symptoms (ex: sniffles, aches, fever)
  3. Illness- most severe signs and symptoms (ex: vomitting, diarrhea)
  4. Decline- declining signs and symptoms
  5. Convalescence- no signs or symptoms
63
Q

What are Koch’s postulates?

BIO 234 (7 decks)

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