Immunity Flashcards
1
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Innate Immunity
2
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Adaptive Immunity
3
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Properties of Innate Immunity
4
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Antigens
5
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Autoantigen
6
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•Exogenous antigen
7
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•Endogenous antigen
8
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Exogenous Antigen
9
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Endogenous Antigen
10
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Autoantigen
11
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Normal Microbiota
Innate immune system
12
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•Microbial Antagonism (Innate Immunity)
13
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Mechanical Barriers
14
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•Skin (intact) and Epithelium (Type of mechanical barrier)
15
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Ciliated Epithelium and Peristalsis (pushes things out)
Type of mechanical barrier
16
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•Hair (type of mechanical barrier)
17
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Blinking (Mechanical Barrier)
18
Q
An enzyme that:
A
•Lysozyme (Chemical Barrier)
19
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Lactoferrin (Chemical Barrier)
20
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•Antimicrobial peptides (chemical barriers)
21
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•Complement (chemical barriers)
Type of protein
22
Q
What are the two functions of complement (type of protein)?
A
- Opsonization
- Membrane attack complex
23
Q
Part of Complement (type of protein) that:
A
•Opsonization
24
Q
Part of Complement (type of protein) that:
A
•Membrane attack complex
25
Cell with membrane attackers (complement proteins are forming the holes)
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Cellular Barriers (innate immunity)
27
Cellular Barriers (innate immune system)
28
Process of the innate immune system which:
Phagocytosis (cell grabs pathogen, digests it, and expels it out)
29
30
Opsonizatoin (innate immune system)
31
What are some cellular barriers of the innate immune system that consists of **non-phagocytic killing**?
32
•Eosinophils
33
Part of the innate immune system's chemical barriers.
Neutrophils
| (phagocytosis and digest pathogens)
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Herd Immunity
36
Pros of Subunit vaccines
–No exposure to pathogen
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Cons of Subunit vaccines
–Expense - may be produced in recombinant organisms
–Immune response less than attenuated or inactivated
38
Type of vaccine that:
Subunit vaccines
39
Pros of Toxoid vaccines
–Useful for organisms that cause illness due to toxin
–Do not have to be exposed to cells of pathogen
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Cons of Toxoid vaccines
–Boosters
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Type of vaccine that:
Toxoid vaccines
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Cons of Inactivated (killed) vaccines
–Immune response not as strong as attenuated vaccines
–Requires boosters
43
Pros of Inactivated (killed) vaccines
–More stable than attenuated vaccines
–Microbiologically safer than attenuated
44
Type of vaccine that:
Inactivated (killed) vaccines
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Pros of Attenuated (live) vaccines
–Produce a strong immune response (B and T cell)
–Contact Immunity
46
Cons of Attenuated (live) vaccines
–Need to remain refrigerated
–Mild signs and symptoms
–Possibility of reversion and disease causation
47
Type of vaccine that:
Attenuated (live) vaccines
48
Types of Vaccines
* Attenuated vaccines
* Inactivated vaccines
* Toxoid vaccines
* Subunit vaccines
49
Vaccination
50
Passive Immunity
51
Type of passive immunity that is:
## Footnote
•Mother to offspring (colostrum)
–Natural Passive
52
Type of passive immunity that is:
## Footnote
•Individual receives pre-formed antibodies via injection
–Artificial Passive
53
•Individual produces antibodies in response to presence of antigen
Active Immunity
54
Type of active immunity that:
## Footnote
•Exposure to antigen in day to day life
–Natural Active
55
Type of active immunity that:
## Footnote
•Response to antigens introduced via a vaccine
–Artificial active
56
•Process by which memory B cells (and T cells) are produced
Immunization
57
Types of Immunizations:
–Active
–Passive
–Natural
–Artificial
58
Primary response (green)
Secondary response (orange)
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Type of B lymphocytes
•B Memory Cells
60
Type of B lymphocyte
•B Plasma Cells
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Type of T lymphocytes
•Cytotoxic T cells (Tc)
62
Type of T Lymphocytes
•T helper cells (Th)
63
•Antibodies function in several ways by:
–Complement activation
–Opsonization
–Neutralization
–Agglutination
64
–Complement activation
–Opsonization
–Neutralization
–Agglutination
Antibody function
65
–Neutralization
| (Antibody function)
66
–Agglutination (antibody function)
67
–Opsonization (antibody function)
68
Antibodies
69
Antibody structure
70
Antibodies
71
Influenza Antigens and Epitopes
72
O and H antigens
Bacterial Serotypes and Epitopes
73
Antigens
74
•Epitope (antigenic determinant)
75
Microbial Antigens
76
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity
77
Fever (Innate Immunity)
78
Fever (Innate Immunity)
79
Fever (Innate Immunity)
80
•Natural Killer (NK) cells
## Footnote
**Cellular Defenses (Innate)**
81
Non-Antigen Pathogen Recognition
| (Innate Immunity)
## Footnote
**•TLRs**
82
Non-Antigen Pathogen Recognition
| (Innate Immunity)
## Footnote
**•PAMPs**
83
Apoptosis
Programmed Cell Death
84
•Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)
Pukes out DNA and contents to kill pathogen
