microbes / pneumonia

Question 1

rust colored-sputum, more often seen with splenectomy.
high-grade fever.
what gram stain and what microbe is causing this PNA?
FA 129

Answer 1

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 2

MCC of pneumonia?
what microbe?
FA 129

Answer 2

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Question 3

Child presents with petechiae, fever, and lethargy
what two problematic infections are you worried about?
FA 143, 624

Answer 3

rocky mountain spotted fever vs
meningiococcemia
FA 143, 624

Question 4

what is the treatment for all rickettsial diseases?

FA 143

Answer 4

Doxycycline

Question 5

hemolytic uremic syndrome is found in a patient who ate undercooked beef.
what type of bacteria
FA 172, poma 33

Answer 5

E coli O157:H7

Question 6

child presents with HA, fever, and rash to palms and soles of feet.

Answer 6

Rocky mountain spotted fever

FA 143

Question 7

Pt from a Mississippi River valley develops fever, cough, and coin lesions are found on XR.
Smear shows silver staining cells contained in macrophages.
what is the source of this bacteria?

Answer 7

Bird or bat droppings

Histoplasmosis (FA 145, robbins 709)

Question 8

Pt w AIDS has retinitis. Viral family and what specific virus?
What will infected cells look like on histoslide?

Answer 8

Herpesvirus - CMV HHV-5

FA 158, 159 H

Question 9

CMV can cause what problems in AIDS patients?

Histo appearance?

Answer 9

HHV 5. Retinitis, mono, PNA

FA 158, 159

Question 10

Pt’s entire right leg has diffuse purple ecchymosis, multiple black blisters, and histopathology shows anucleate muscle cells (myonecrosis)
what toxin from what bacteria could be causing this?
Where is this bacteria found?
Gram stain?

Answer 10

alpha toxin causes gas gangrene
gram positive, obligate anaerobic bacilli
Clostridia perfringens
FA 131

Question 11

Target of fluoroquinolones

Answer 11

DNA topoisomerases of prokaryotic cells
Removes supercoils of DNA to allow for transcription
FA 65

Question 12

Enzyme defective in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) ?
what part of cell cycle

Answer 12

Defective mismatch repair enzymes
G2, corrects replication errors.
FA 67, p113

Question 13

Colorectal cancer occurs at early age, did not occur from polyp (arised de novo), and is right sided

Answer 13

hereditary NONPOLYPOSIS colorectal cancer
FA 67, p113
mismatch repair enzyme is defective,G2

Question 14

Aminoglycosides
Mechanism?
Can it be used on anaerobes?

Answer 14

Binds irreversibly to initiation complex by binding to 30s in prokaryotes
gram negative rods
Only works against aerobes because requires O2 for uptake
FA 184

Question 15

Pt on a loop diuretic experiences diminished hearing.
what is mechanism of loop diuretic?
what infection or being what other drug can cause this abnormality?

Answer 15

inhibit cotransport Na/K/Cl of thick ascending limb of loop;
Abolish hypertonicity of medulla preventing [ ] of urine

pt may have gram negative rod infection and is on an aminoglycoside, 30s inhibitor
FA 184, 553

Question 16

Tetracyclines
Mechanism?
one example used for the treatment of rickettsial diseases? Why used for this?

Answer 16

bacteriostatic; binds 30s, prevents aminoacyle-tRNA from attaching. FA 185
Doxycycline. can accumulate intracellularly. FA 185

Question 17

Azithromycin
mechanism
what type of antibiotic
effect on EKG

Answer 17

macrolide (macroslide), protein translation inhibitor
binds to 23s rRNA of 50s subunit, blocks translocation
prolongs QT interval
bacteriostatic
FA 186