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Biology Yr 10 > Microbes And Defence Against Disease > Flashcards

Microbes And Defence Against Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three microbes?

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of bacteria?

Describe them

A

Cocci - are spherical in shape
Bacilli - are rod shaped
Spirochetes - are spirals
Some may have a long filament called a flagellum attached - this allows them to move

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3
Q

Why is bacteria dangerous?

A

Bacteria are responsible for numerous illnesses including MRSA, salmonella and tuberculosis. They also cause food to go off.

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4
Q

How can bacteria be useful?

A

Some are very useful to hormones - eg. For the production of yoghurt, treating sewage and in genetic engineering.

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5
Q

Describe fungi.

A

They have a spore case and a network of threads forming a structure called mycelium.

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6
Q

What is fungi dangerous?

A

They are responsible for athlete’s foot infection as well as ringworm. They also spoil food eg. Bread mould

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7
Q

Why are fungi good?

A

Yeast is probably the best known fungus. It is used in the baking and brewing industries. Fungi is also used in the cheese industry - smelly blue cheese

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8
Q

Describe viruses.

A

The structure is a head capsule (that contains DNA) with a long tail with an end plate attached.

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9
Q

What are viruses dangerous?

A

Viruses cause many diseases including all flu - (influenza virus), chicken pox, mumps and AIDS (the HIV virus). Flu viruses can change into many different forms meaning your u cannot be immune to the flu.

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10
Q

Why can viruses be useful?

A

Humans can also make use of the viruses In genetic engineering.

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11
Q

Name 3 major shapes bacteria can be

A

Rod
Spiral
Spherical

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12
Q

As bacteria grow rapidly each individual microbe from your chosen source will divide again and again giving rise to a group of bacteria on the surface of the agar.
These groups are called…

A

Colonies

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13
Q

Give an example of when aseptic technique may be used

A

To study bacteria and other microbes effectively .

If you are growing microbes to study them to see where they come from

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14
Q

Give three measures that are taken when working under aseptic conditions

A

Wash your hands
Wear goggles
Tuck your tie in

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15
Q

Why is it recommended to work close to a Bunsen when making growth plates?

A

To stop bacteria from the air falling into the jar

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16
Q

Why do you think it is necessary to flame the neck of the bottle of agar?

A

Kills any microbes to stop them getting in the jar

17
Q

Why do you incubate your Petri dish upside down?

A

Stops condensation.

18
Q

Why would it be dangerous to incubate growth plates at 37°C?

A

We don’t want to grow things at our body temperature because they can grow in our bodies.

19
Q

What is an out brake?

A

When a disease spreads suddenly through a large population.

20
Q

What type of virus is the flu?

A

Caused by the influenza virus

21
Q

What are the symptoms of the flu?

A 
Vomiting
Fever
Aches and pains
Diarrhoea
Coughing
Sore joints
22
Q

What had to happen to swine flu to allow it to infect humans?

A

Mutate to infect humans

23
Q

Where were the first cases of swine flew reported?

A

Mexico

24
Q

How can the swine flu be spread?

A

Sneeze or cough

25
Q

Define epidemic

A

A major outbreak in one region or country

26
Q

Define pandemic

A

A world wide outbrake

27
Q

What measures have been put in place to deal with swine flu outbrake?

A

Anti-flu treatments, developing a new vaccine.

28
Q

Name 3 ways to protect yourself from being infected with swine flu

A

Wash your hands
Cover your mouth with a tissue when you sneeze or cough
Not touching your eyes, nose or mouth

29
Q

What precautions should people take to ensure that microorganisms that may cause illness are not spread to person to person easily?

A

Wash your hands after going to the toilet, before you eat of when you cough.

30
Q

Why do doctors not prescribe as many antibiotics as they used to?

A

People are becoming resistant.

31
Q

What disease did milk maids get from cows?

A

Cow pox

32
Q

What theory did Edward Jenner come up with?

A

Getting cow pox made you immune to small pox

33
Q

Who did Edward Jenner choose to carry out his experiments?

A

A young boy because he hadn’t had either diseases (James fipz )

Biology Yr 10 (3 decks)

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