Microbes Flashcards
Micro-organisms (microbes
a bacterium causing disease or fermentation.
Microscope
an optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, such as mineral samples or animal or plant cells
Microbiologist
an expert in or student of microbiology.
International System of units.
The International System of Units is the modern form of the metric system. It is the only system of measurement with an official status in nearly every country in the world.
SI unit
There are seven basic units in the SI system: the meter (m), the kilogram (kg), the second (s), the kelvin (K), the ampere (A), the mole (mol), and the candela (cd).
SI prefix
series of prefixes to units in the International System of Units, or SI. These can denote very small or very large amounts.
1) metre
2) Millimetre
3) micrometre
4) nanometre
1) base SI unit
2)one thousandth of a metre
3)one millionth of a metre
4 ) one thousand-millionth of a metre
Viruses
an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.
Bacteria
a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.
Protista
a kingdom or large grouping that comprises mostly single-celled organisms such as the protozoa, simple algae and fungi, slime moulds, and (formerly) the bacteria
Fungi
any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including moulds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.
1) Prokaryotes
2) eukaryotes
1) microscopic single-celled organism which has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles, including the bacteria and cyanobacteria.
2) an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaea.
Unicellular and multicellular
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells.
Genetic material
DNA is the hereditary material found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells (animal and plant) and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells (bacteria) that determines the composition of the organism.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotic organisms.
Membrane-bound
Membrane-bound organelles are a characteristic of eukaryotic cells. They are micrometer large, easily identifiable by microscopy and they can usually be isolated and/or purified by cell fractionation.
Organelles
An organelle is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body.
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms. Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria.
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis in plants.
Binary fission
Binary fission, asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA.
Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics
Tree of life
The tree of life is a fundamental widespread mytheme or archetype in many of the world’s mythologies, religious and philosophical traditions, it’s often said to be a sacred tree.
Kingdoms
kingdom is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called phyla
Common ancestor
An ancestor that two or more descendants have in common.
