Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GERR Micro-anatomy > Microanatomy of Reproductive System > Flashcards

Microanatomy of Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the female reproductive system composed of ( Hint: 6 )

A 
1- Ovaries 
2- Fallopian tubes 
3- Uterus 
4- Cervix 
5- Vagina 
6- Placenta ( when pregnant) 
7- mammary glands ( nutrition for newborn )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are oocytes

A

female gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Function of ovaries

A

Where oocytes are developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of Fallopian tubes

A

Collects ovulated oocytes and is the site of fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the uterus

A

Site of decidualisation , menstruation , implantation and placenta growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the cervix

A

Neck of the uterus that provides aa barrier to infections. Dilates and secretes to regulate partition and reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the Vagina

A

Key deposition of sperm and protection of reproductive tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens during menopause

A

Reproductive system undergoes attrition , it involutes and stops functioning reproductively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What encapsulated the ovary

A

Tunica Albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What lines the ovaries

A

Single layer of germinal epithelium on the exterior of the tunica Albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the ovary composed of and what does each section contain ( not including Tunica albuginea and epithelium )

A

Cortex: oocyte and follicular development

Medulla : loose CT with BV from hilum and fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the fibroblasts in Medulla

A

Sense levels of hormones in the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the follicles in the ovary cortex

A

Structures that contain the oocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are primordial germ cells

A

Cells that gave rise to female gametes ( haploids ). When women is pregnant the developing baby will have her own germ cells move to gonads and develop to into oogonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

During the first 3-8 months of gestation what happens to primordial

A

Primordial germ cells develop into large primary oocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many follicles are produced in utero vs at puberty

A

4 million but many are lost through atresia that by puberty there’s only 200K left. .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Approximately how many oocytes are ovulated for potential fertilization

A

450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is follicular maturation

A

Changes of oocyte during monthly cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4 distinguishable follicles during maturation stages in monthly cycle

A

1- primordial follicles
2- primary follicle
3– Secondary follicles
4– Mature graafian follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What follows the antra follicle stage where there is a mature graafian follicle

A

Oocyte will be ovulated ( leave ovary ) and collected by Fallopian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the corpus luteum

A

The Graafian mature follicle without the oocyte ( since it got ovulated )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the corpus luteum if there is a pregnancy

A

Major endocrine regulator during first months of pregnancy until placenta develops and takes over ( 3 months ).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if there is no pregnancy

A

Will regress and the follicular cells will undergo atrophy and become fibrotic. Structure left will be called corpus albican

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why is the corpus luteum yellow

A

Because there is a lot of progesterone and estrogen being produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are primordial follicles

A

Principle follicles present before birth

Consist of oocyte surrounded by single layer of follicular cells that develop into granulose cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Explain the process of primordial follicle becoming a primary follicle

A

Every month 20-40 primordial follicles are stimulated to grow bigger.
Oocyte grows bigger and secrete zona pellucida and granulosa cells turn into cuboidal shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is zona pellucida

A

a thin glycoprotein coating secreted by the oocyte once it grows and separates the oocyte from the granulose cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How many graafin follicles are there

A

Only 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Explain the process of primary follicle becoming a secondary follicle

A

Increase of granulosa cell layers and it becomes called zona granulosa with a basement membrane that separates granulosa cells from outer Theca cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are theca cells and list their functions

A

Cells that form outside the follicle. Two layers.

  • theca interna : produces oestrogen and progesterone
  • theca externa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is follicular antrum and when does it happen

A

When the secondary follicle matures fluid forms in follicle to nourish granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Explain the process of secondary follicle becoming a graafin follicles

A

Oocyte moves ecentrically.
Follicle grows as antrum enlarges.
Follicle cells form around oocyte . ( corona radiate )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the corona radiate

A

crown of cells surrounding oocytes in graafin follicles

34
Q

What is the effect of FSH on ovary ( Hint: 4 steps )

A

1- stimulates follicular development every month
2- stimulates granulosa cells to produce oestrogen and progesterone
3- Increase in oestrogen levels cause increase of LH
4- increase Oestrogen will inhibit more FSH and some follicles will die off

35
Q

What is the effect of LH on ovary ( explain what happens in detail )

A

1- Stimulates ovulation and development of corpus luteum
2- increases follicular fluid and pressure , thinning the ovarian cortex surrounding follicle until it ruptures and oocyte is released into Fallopian tube

36
Q

When is there a surge in LH levels

A

around day 13 of ovulation cycle

37
Q

What is the name of the pain caused when follicle ruptures. and what causes it

A

Mittelschmertz. Caused by release of follicular antrum in pelvic cavity causing irritation

38
Q

Is the ovary attached to the Fallopian tube

A

No , finger like extensions from Fallopian tube at ovulation come to lie over the ovary creating a current so when oocyte is released from ovary it can waft the oocyte into Fallopian tube

39
Q

What is the name of the extensions of fallopian tube that lie over ovaries during ovulation

A

Fimbriae

40
Q

What lines the Fallopian tube

A

simple columnar epithelium with secretory and ciliated cells

41
Q

What is the Fallopian tube attached to

A

the uterus

42
Q

What does the Fallopian tube consist of

A

1- Infundibulum : mucosa that’s highly folded and a thin muscularis ( where fimbriae are)
2- Ampulla : mucosa is highly folded and a thick muscularis
3- Isthmus : mucosa has less folds and muscularis is at its thickest

43
Q

What surrounds the Fallopian tube

A

Smooth muscle layer

44
Q

Why is the fallopian mucosa highly folded

A

To increase the surface area of secretory cells which secrete fluid that allows oocyte to float and get nourished

45
Q

What is the function of ciliated cells in fallopian epithelium

A

Provide current which moves the oocyte in one direction, towards where the spermatozoa would be swimming up

46
Q

What is a common cause of infertility

A

Blockage of Fallopian tubes so oocytes can’t move through

47
Q

What is the uterus composed of

A

3 layers
1- Endometrium ( inner )
2- Myometrium ( middle )
3- Perimetrium ( outer )

48
Q

What is the perimetric composed of

A

CT

49
Q

What is the myometrium composed of

A

Smooth muscle and vasculature

50
Q

What is the Endometrium composed of

A

2 components
1- Stratobasalis
2- Stratofunctionalis : lost every month during menstruation and regrows

51
Q

What nourishes the stratobasalis

A

nourished by arteries from the myometrium

52
Q

What important feature is in the stratofunctionalis

A

Plenty of glands for zygote to be able to implant ( must be glandular tissue )

53
Q

What is the function of male reproductive system

A

Formation of spermatozoa , androgen sex hormones ( testosterone ) and facilitation of fertilization of spermatozoa into female

54
Q

What is the male reproductive system composed of

A 
1- Testis 
2- Genital ducts 
3- Epididymis  
4- Accessory glands 
5- Vas deferens
6- Penis
55
Q

What is the location of the testis

A

Found in extension of anterior abdominal wall called scrotum

56
Q

What is the function of testis

A

Production of spermatozoa and sex hormones

57
Q

What stimulates the production of testosterone and spermatozoa

A

The anterior pituitary
FSH: sperm
LH: testosterone

58
Q

What is the most superficial layer of the testis

A

A thick CT capsule called tunica albuginea

59
Q

What is the function of the tunica albuginea in the testis

A

Gives rise to septa that divides the organs into 250 lobules

60
Q

What is contained in each testis lobule

A

seminiferous tubules that connect via rete testis

61
Q

What is the function of the rete testis

A

Bring the spermatozoa into efferent ducts which lead to epididymis

62
Q

What is the function of seminiferous tubules

A

site of spermatogenesis

63
Q

What is the epithelial layer of seminiferous tubules composed of

A

Lining of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells

64
Q

What is the function of Sertoli cells

A

Support and nourish developing germ cells

65
Q

What is the function of Leydig cell

A

spermatogenic cells that will develop into spermatozoa

66
Q

List the 4 populations of germ cells

A

1- Spermatogonia
2- spermatocytes ( primary and secondary )
3- spermatids
4- spermatozoa

67
Q

What happens when spermatogonia undergo mitosis

A

Give rise to two types of cells , a primary spermatocyte and spermatogonia cell

68
Q

What happens once spermatozoa are formed

A

They are related into lumen of seminiferous tubules which collects into rete testis and then into efferent ducts and then vans deferens

69
Q

How do Sertoli cells connect to one another

A

By tight junctions

70
Q

Where are Sertoli cells

A

tall cells going from basement membrane to lumen

71
Q

What is the Epididymis

A

Highly convoluted duct that is the site of sperm storing and maturation

72
Q

What lines the Epididymis

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with microvilli

73
Q

What are stereocilia

A

microvilli in Epididymis that absorb fluid that was released by sertoli cells

74
Q

What is the Vas Deferens

A

Where the spermatozoa are moved from Epididymis to urethera during ejaculation by muscle contraction

75
Q

What lines the Vas deferens

A

columnar epithelium and encapsulated with dense irregular CT

76
Q

Histologically describe the Vas deferens

A

Thick walled with 3 muscle layers

77
Q

What are seminal vesicles

A

paired glands that produce secretion containing sperm-activating substances

78
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland

A

produces thin, milky fluid containing enzymes making ejaculation alkaline enough to counter vaginal acidity

79
Q

What are Bulbourethral glands

A

paired glands that secrete small amount of fluid prior to ejaculation to lubricate urethra and neutralize it from urine

80
Q

Histologically describe the penis

A

erectile tissue composed of DIRCT and smooth muscle

81
Q

What are the 3 columns making up the penis

A

2 corpus cavernosa

1 corpus spongiosum: contains the urethra and carries sperm in ejaculation

82
Q

What is the location of corpus cavernosa

A

sits distally to corpus spongiosum separated by septum

GERR Micro-anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions