Microanatomy Flashcards
Myenteric Nerve Plexus Location
Between inner circ and outer long sm muscle
Submucosal nerve plexus location
Submucosa = controls the Muscularis mucosae
Mucosa Layers
Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Mucosae
Epithelium role mucosa
Strat squamous = protection (sacrificial)
Columnar = Secretion / absorption
Serosa vs Adventitia
Serosa = direct contact with body cavity = has outer mesothelial layer for serous fluid production
Adventitia = not direct with body cavity (retroperitoneal)
Ascites
Fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity
Peritonitis
Inflammation of peritoneum means abnormal function
Parotid Gland Secretions
Serous Only
Submandibular Gland Secretions
Mixed (Mucous and serous)
Sublingual Gland Secretions
Mixed but mostly mucous
Myoepithelial Cell
Contractile epithelial cell that squeezes out secretions from a duct
Serous Secretions Contents
Zymogen granules (enzymes)
- Amylase = digestive
Serous Acinus Staining
Dark due to zymogen granules
Mucous Acinus Staining
Light as mucous granules
Serous Demilune
Acinus that secretes both mucous and serous
Moon of serous cells around a mostly mucous acini
Striated Duct synonym
Intralobular
Striated Duct key feature
High mitochondria for active transport of HCO3- to buffer saliva
Duct pathway salivary glands
Intralobular duct
Interlobular duct (in CT septa)
Parotid/sublingual/submandibular duct
Saliva Anti-bacterial Components
Lysozyme
Lactoferrin
Immunoglobulin A
Muscularis Mucosae of upper oesophagus developed?
No
UOS and LOS muscle thickness
Standard (ie physiological sphinchter not anatomical)
Oesophageal Varices
Blood vessels very dilated = haemorrhage
Enteroendocrine Cells of stomach
G - Gastrin
ECL - Histamine
D - Somatostatin
Chief Cell Secretion
Pepsinogen
Plicae Location
Small Inestien
Lacteal
Lymphatics that go into the villi and get ‘milked’ by smooth muscle
Intestinal Enterocytes
Absorb small molecules from digestion
Enterokinase location
Embedded enzyme of small intestinal enterocytes
Enterokinase function
Phosphorylates and activates other enzymes
Glycosidases location
Embedded small int enterocytes
Glycocalyx function
Biofilm that increases/decreases absorption of molecules that we want / don’t want to absorb
Paneth Cell function
Immune
Paneth Cell immune mechanisms
TNF-alpha (inflammatory)
Lysozyme (anti-bacterial)
Defensins (membrane permeability)
Enteroendocrine small int response to fatty acids and amino acids
Secrete CCK (—> release bile from gallbladder
—> inhibit stomach
Enteroendocrine small int response to HCl / acidity change
Release secretin -> HCO3- -> buffer + inhibit stomach
Serotonin effect
Increased gut motility
What releases serotonin and somatostatin
Small int Enteroendocrine
Duodenum identifying feature
Brunner’s Glands (bicarbonate mucous)
Ileum identifying feature
Peyer’s Patches (high immune cell)
Large intestine mucosa differences to small int
- More goblet (more mucous for lube as stool dehydrates)
- No Plicae / villi / Microvilli
Large intestine lamina propria
Numerous lymphatic nodes
Muscularis Externa large intestine
Teniae coli allows independent contraction of parts of the colon + pulls the tube into sac-like haustra coli
