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Pharm > micro2 > Flashcards

micro2 Flashcards

1
Q

BUY AT 30

CCEL AT 50

A

Aminoglycosides (bactericidal
T (tetracylcine (bacteriostatic)

C=chloramphenicol, clindamycin (bacteriostatic)
E: erythromycin (macrolides) (bacteriostatic)
L: linezolid (variable)

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2
Q

aminoglycosides

A

gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin

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3
Q

“Mean” (aminoglycoside) GNATS caNNOT kill anaerobes

A

gentaicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin

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4
Q

mechanism of aminoglycosides

A

bactericidal; irreversible inhibitoin of initial complex thorugh binding of 30 S subunit. can cause misreading of mRNA. also block translocation; require O2 for uptake; therefore ineffective against anerobes

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5
Q

genetic code misreading

impacts translocation

A

aminoglysosides

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6
Q

requires O2 for uptake; therefore ineffective against anaerobes

A

aminoglycosides

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7
Q

mechanism of resistance of aminoglycosides

A

bacterial transferase enzymes inactive thte drug by acetylation, phosphorylation, or adenylation

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8
Q

metylation of aminoglycoside binding portion of ribisome inhibits ability of aminoglycoside to intefere w protein translation

A

aminoglycose resistance

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9
Q

se OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE

A 
nnot
NEPRHOtoxicity
neuromuscular blockade
ototoxicity (esp when used w loop diuretics)
teratogen
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10
Q

use of aminoglycosides: s

A

severe gram - rod infectoins. synergistic with B lactam antiboitoics

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11
Q

which aminoglycoside used for bowel surgery

A

neomycin

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12
Q

aminoglycoside modifiying enzymes

A

most common restiatnce of aminoglycosides

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13
Q

tetracylcine drugs

A

tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

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14
Q

mechainsm of tetracylcines

A

bacteriostatic; bind to 30S and prevent attachment of aminoacyl tRNA;
limited CNS penetraiton

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15
Q

which tetraclyclien is fecally eliminated and can be used in pt’s w renal failure

A

doxycyline

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16
Q

do not take tetracycliens with what

A

milk (Ca2+), antacids (Ca2+ or Mg2+), or iron containing prepearations because divalent cations inhibit drugs’ absorption in the gut

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17
Q

use of tetracylcines

A

borrellia burgdoferi, m. pneumoniae
drugs’ ability to accumlate intracellular makes them very effective against Rickettsia and chlamydia. also used to treat acne

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18
Q

which tetracylcine is effective against MRSA

A

doxycylicne

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19
Q

SE of tetracylcine

A

discoloration of teeth and inhbiiton of bone growth in children, photosensitivyt, GI distress
contraindicated in pregnancy

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20
Q

mechanism of restiantce to tetracylcien

A

decrease uptake or increase efflux of bacterial cells by plasmid encoded transport pumps

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21
Q

glycylcyclines drugs

A

tigecycline

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22
Q

mechanism of glycylcylines

A

tetracylcine derivitave; binds to 30 S ; inhibits protein sytnehsis;generall bacteriostaic

23
Q

use of glycylcylines

A 
broad spectrum anaerobic; gram - and gram + coverage
multidrug restance (MRSA, VRE) organisms or infections requireing deep tisseu penetration
24
Q

SE of glycylcylines

A

Gi symptoms, nausea, vomiitng

25
Q

chloramphenicol mechanism

A

blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S ribosomal subunit. bacteriostatic

26
Q

use of chloramphenicol

A

menigitis (h. influenzae, n. menningitis, strep pneumonia), Rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia ricketsis)

27
Q

SE of chloramphenoicol

A 
anemia (dose dependent)
aplastic anemia (dose independent)
gray baby syndrome (in premature infants bc they lack liver UDP-glucuronyltransferase)
28
Q

plasmid encoded acetyltransferase inactiveas the drug

A

resistance to chloramphenicol

29
Q

clindamycin mehcanism

A

blocks peptide transfer (translocation at 50S ribisomal subunity; bacteriostatic

30
Q

use of clindamycin

A

anaerobic infectiosn (bacteroids spp. clostriidum perfringes) in aspiration pneumonia, lung abscesses, oral infections; also effective against invasive Group A strep streptococall infectiosn

31
Q

which drug treats anaerobic infectison above diaphgram

A

clindamycin

32
Q

which drug treats anaerobic infectiosn below dipahgram

A

metronidazole

33
Q

se of clindamycin

A

psuedomonamembranous colitis, fever, diarrhea

34
Q

oxazolidinones

A

linezolid

35
Q

mechanisnm of linezolid

A

inhibit protein syntehsis by gbinding to 50 s subunit and preventing formation of initaiion complex (70S)
binds to bacterial 23S ribosomal rna of 50 s subunit

36
Q

use of linezolid

A

gram + species, including MRSA and VRE

37
Q

SE of oxazolidinones

A

bone marrow suppression (esp thrombocytopenia), peripheral neruopahty, serotoinn syndrom, optic neuritis

38
Q

resiitance to linezolid

A

point mutation of ribosomal rna

39
Q

macrolides

A

azithroycin, clarithromycin, erytrhomycin

40
Q

mechanism of macrolides

A

inhibits protein sytnehsis by blocking translocation; bind to 23s RRNA of 50S subniutn. bacteriostaic

41
Q

use of macrolides

A

atypical pneumonias (mycoplasma , chlamydia, legionella)
STIs (chlamydia)
gram + cocci (strep infections in pateitns allergic to peniciln
b. pertussis

42
Q

SE of macrolides

MACRO

A 
MACRO:
Gi motility issues
arrhtymiaa caused by prolonged QT interval
actue Cholestatic hepatits
Ras
eosinophilia

increases seru concention of theophyllin, oral anticoagulatns

clarithrmycin and erytromycin inhibit cytochrome p450

43
Q

restiance of macrolides

A

methylation of 23S rRna binding site prevents binding of drug

44
Q

sulfonamides

A

sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine

45
Q

mechanism of sulfonamides

A

inhibit dihydropteroate synthase; thus inhibiting folate syntehsis. bacteriostatic (bactericidal when combined with trimethoprim)

46
Q

use of sulfonamides

A

gram + , gram -, nocardia

SMX for simple UTI

47
Q

SE of sulfonamdies

A

hypersentivity reactions, hemolysis if G6PD defiicnet, neprhotoxicty(tubulointersitial nephritis), photosenstivyt, SJS syndrome, kernicterus in infants, dispalce other drugs from albumin (warfarin), hyperkalemia

48
Q

mechanism of resistance

A

altered enzyme (bacterial dihydropteroate sythase;
decrase uptake
increase PABA synthesis

49
Q

dapsone machaism

A

simliar to sulfonamdies, but structuarlly distinct agent

50
Q

use of dapsone

A

leprosy (lepromatous and tuberculid.

PJP prophylaxis

51
Q

se of dapseon

A

hemolysis if G6PD deficient

52
Q

trimethoprim mechanism

A

inhibits bacterial dihydroflate reductase;

bacteriostatic

53
Q

use of trimethoprim

A

used in comboination with sulfonamdies (TMP-SMX)
cause seuqential block of folate syntehssi
combinatioin used for UTI’s, shigella, salmonella, PJP pneumonia treamtent and prophyalxis, toxplasmossi prophyalxix

54
Q

SE of trimethoprim

A

megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia (may alleviate with supplemental folinic acid)

Pharm (13 decks)

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