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Pharm > micro drug > Flashcards

micro drug Flashcards

1
Q

Penicilin G is in what form

A

IV and IM form

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2
Q

Penicilin V is in what form

A

oral

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3
Q

B lactam antibodies

A

penicillin

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4
Q

mechanism of penicillin

A

D-Ala-D-ala sturctural analog

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5
Q

bind penicillin binding proteins (transpepidates)
block transpeptidase cross linkning of peptidoglycan in cell wall
activates autolytic enzymes

A

penicillin G, V

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6
Q

Penicillin is mostly used for

A

gram + organisms

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7
Q

Can be used for gram - (mainly n meningitids) and spirochetes (mainley t. pallidum)

A

penicllin G

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8
Q

SE of penicillin G, V

A

hypersensitivy reactions, direct Coombs + hemolytic anemia

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9
Q

Penicillin G, V is bactericidal for

A 
gram + cocci
gram + rods
gram - cocci
spirochetes
also penicillinase sensitivte
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10
Q

resistance to penicllin G, V

A

penicillinase in bacteria ( type of B lactamase) cleaves B-lactam ring

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11
Q

penicillinase sensitive penicillins

A

amoxicillin, ampicillin, aminopenicllins

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12
Q

Which has great oral bioavailibty, amoxicillin or ampicillin

A

amoxicillin

AmOxicillin = greater Oral bioavability

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13
Q

extended spectrum penicillin use

HHELPSS

A

H. influenzae, H. pylori, E. coli, Listeria, proteus mirablis, Salmonella, Shigella + enterococci

HHELPSS

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14
Q

SE of penicillinase sensitive penicllins

A

hypersenstiivity reactions; rash; pseudomembranous colitis

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15
Q

Resistance to penicillinase sensitive penicllin

A

penicillinase in bactera cleaves b lactam rings

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16
Q

dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin

A

penicillanse resistant penicillins

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17
Q

why are penicillinase ressistant penicillins resistant

A

bc bulky R group blocks access of B lactamase to B lactam ring

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18
Q

use of penicillinase resistant penicillins

A

S. auerus (except MRSA; resistant bc of altered penicilin binding protein target site)

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19
Q

SE of penicillinase resistant penciilins

A

hypersensitivyt reactions, interstitail nephritis.

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20
Q

Antipseuodomanl penicillins include

A

piperacillin, ticarcillin

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21
Q

Use of antipseudomanl penicillins

A

pseudomonas spp. and gram - rods; susceptible to penicillinase ; use w b lactamase inihibtors

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22
Q

se of antipseudomonal penicillins

A

hypersensitivty reactions

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23
Q

B lactamase inhibitors

CAST

A

clauvulanic acid
avibactam
sulbactam
tazobactam

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24
Q

purpose of b lactamase inhibiors

A

often added to penicillin antibiotics to protect atnbioitc destruction by b lactamase inhbitors

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25
Q

B lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis but are less susible to penicillinases

A

cephalosporins

26
Q

organisms typically not covered by 1swts-4th generation cephalosporins are LAME:

A

listeria
atypicals (chlamydia, mycoplasma)
MRSA
Enterococci

27
Q

1st gen cephalosporins

A

cefazolin, cephalexin

28
Q

use of cefazolin, cephalexin

A

gram + cocci, Proteus mirabils, E. Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae

29
Q

what is used prior to surgery to prevent S aureus wound infection

A

Cefazolin

30
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

A

cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime

31
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins use

A 
gram + cocci, H. influenzae, enterobacter aerogenes, neisseria spp
serratia marcescens
proteus mirabilis
E coli
Eklebsiella pneumoniae
32
Q

3rd gen cephalosporins

A

ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime

33
Q

use of 3rd gene cephalosporins

A

serious gram - infectiosn resistant to other B lactams

34
Q

which cephalosporisn can cross BBB

A

3rd gene

35
Q

ceftriaxone use

A

meningitis, gonorrhea, disseminated lyme disease

36
Q

ceftzidime use

A

pseudomonas

37
Q

4th gen cephalosporins

A

cefepime

38
Q

use of 4th gene cephalosporins

A

gram - organisms, with increase acitivyt against pseudomonas and gram + organisms

39
Q

5th gen cephalsoproin

A

ceftaroline

40
Q

use of ceftarolien

A

broad gram + and gram - organism ocverage;

41
Q

unlike 1st -4th generation cephalosproisn; ceftaroline covers

A

Listeria, MRSA, enteroccocccus faecalils, but does not cover pseudomonas

42
Q

SE of cephalosporins

A

hypersenstiivty reacitosn, automminue hemolytic anemai, disulfiram like reaction, vit K deficiency, low rate of cross reactivty even in penicilin allergicp atients
car

43
Q

increases nephorotoxixyt of aminoglycosides

A

cephalosporins se

44
Q

carbapenems include

A

impipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem

45
Q

broad specturm B lactamase resistant carbapene

A

imipenem

46
Q

imipenem is always administerd w

A

cilastatin

47
Q

cilastatin is an inhibiotr of

A

renal dehydropeptidase I

48
Q

why is cilstatin given with imipenem

A

to decrease inactionvat of drug in renal tubules

49
Q

use of carbapenems

A

gram + cocci, gram - rods and anerogbes

wide spectrum but signficiatn side effects limit use to life threatening infections or after other drugs have failed.

50
Q

which carbapenem has a decrease risk of seizures and is stable to dehydropeptidase I

A

meropenem

51
Q

SE of carbapenem

A

GI distress, skin rash, CNS toxicity (seizures) at high plasma levels

52
Q

monobactams drug

A

aztreonam

53
Q

mechanism of monobactam

A

less susceptible to B lactamases. prevents peptidoglycan cross linkign by binding to penicillin binding protien 3; synergistic with aminoglycosides. no cross allergencitiy w penicllins

54
Q

use of monobactams

A

gram - rods only - no activity against gram _ rods or anearobes. for penicillin allergic patients as well and those w renal insufficeincy who cannot tolerate amnoglcyosodies

55
Q

SE of monobactams

A

nontoxic; occaisonal Gi upset

56
Q

vancomycin mechansim

A

inhibits cell wall peptidocyglycn formation by binding D-ala D ala portion of cell wall precursors;

57
Q

vancomycin are not susceptible to b lactamases

A

true

58
Q

Vancomycun use

A

gram + bugs only - serious multidrug resistant organsism, including MRSA, S. epidermidis sensitive , ENterococcus species and C. dificile

59
Q

bacteriostiact against C. dificle

A

vancomycin

60
Q

bactericidal agaisnt most otehr bacteria

A

vancomyicn

61
Q

SE of vancomycin

A 
NOT
nephrotoxicity
ototoxicty
trhombophelbiits
diffuse flushing - red man syndrome (largely preventable by pretreatmetn w anti histamines and slow infusion rat
62
Q

mechanism of reistiance in vancomycin

A

occurs in bacteria (enteroccucus) via amino acid modificiation of D-Ala D-Ala to D Ala D-Lac

Pharm (13 decks)

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