Micro Test 1 : Chapter 5 Eukaryotes, Prokaryotic Structure, Enzymes, Metabolism Flashcards
Unicellular eukaryotic parasites: protists
An informal, polyphyletic category that includes plankton (zooplankton and phytoplankton)
Uni- or multicellular, motile or non-motile
Heterotrophs, phototrophs
Also includes protozoa
Always unicellular, many motile, some mixotrophs
“Animal-like” properties
Protists habitats
Habitats aquatic or moist
Protists 3 main classifications
Amoebazoa
Exacavata
Chromalveolata
Parasitic Helminths (worms)
Round worms
Ascaris lumbricoides – roundworm (fecal-oral route)
Enterobius vermicularis – pinworm (most common US)
Necator americanus – hookworm (through feet, walking in feces contaminated soils)
Trichinella spiralis - Trichinosis (undercooked meats such as pork)
The flatworms
Schistosoma mansoni, haematobium, japonicum
Schistosomiasis
Second only to malaria in impact on human populations
Populate lungs, liver, other organs
Stunted growth and learning disability in children
Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
Tapeworm
Populate intestinal tract
Generally benign but can cause digestive problems and allergic reactions
Larval form can colonize and encyst in other tissues which can be serious depending on the tiss
Fungi
Have macrostructer (mushroooms etc)
Spores hyphae and unicellular forms like yeast
Important industrially food and drug production
Some are pathogenic
Fungi : zygomycota
Most species can’t survive in the human body temp
Clinically relevant
Rhizopus stolonifer – a common bread mold that can contaminate rice stores
Mucor spp. – a cause of fungal necrotizing fasciitis
Fungi : Ascomyota
Includes edible forms (mushrooms, morels, etc.) as well as common food spoiling genera (bread molds, etc.
Includes some serious pathogens
Clinically relevant types of ascomycota fungi
Aspergillus niger – black mold that can cause a pneumonia and / or systemic mycosis; extremely difficult to treat
Aspergillus flavus - a food fungi that produces aflatoxin, the most potent known mutagen / carcinogen
Penicillium – produces penicillin
Stachybotrys chartarum – produces the potent nerutoxin β-D-glucan; associated with “toxic black mold syndrome”
Tricophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton – cause skin infections like athlete’s foot, jock itch and ringworm
Fungi : basidomycota
Includes edible forms (mushrooms) as well as food spoiling genera (rusts)
Stinkhorns, puffballs
Clinically relevant types of basidomycota bacteria
Cryptococcus neoformans – lung infections in immune compromised individuals
Amantia phalloides – death cap mushroom
Fungi : Microsporida
Obliogate intracellular parasites
Enterocystozoan bieneusi – one of several Microspodia that can cause human microsporidiosis, a syndrome characterized by diarrhea and cholecystitis
Prokaryotic structure
Cytoplasm
70s ribosomes
Plasma membrane
Nucleoid containing dna
Inclusions
Capsule
Cell wall
Coccus (circle)
Single coccus
Diplococcus
Pair of cocci
Tetrad
Grouping of 4 cells of cocci arranged in square
