Micro Test 1 : Chapter 1 Intro And History

Question 1

What are Microorganisms?

Answer 1

Organisms too small to see with the unaided eye

Question 2

What do microorganisms do?

Answer 2

-Decompose organic waste
-Cause disease
-Produce chemicals like ethanol and acetone
-are producers in the eco system by photosynthesis (algie, and some bacteria)
-produce fermented foods like cheese and bread

Question 3

Fermented foods from microorganisms

Answer 3

• Beer
• Wine
• Bread
• yogurt
• Cheese

Question 4

EARLY HUMANS: Miasmatic Odors?

Answer 4

Greeks and Roman’s attributed disease with foul smells lead to public sanitation affects

Question 5

EARLY HUMANS: Diseases with know known cause

Answer 5

Tuberculosis
Smallpox
Bubonic plague
Yellow fever
Epidemic typhus
Leprosy

Question 6

1665 Robert Hooke discovery

Answer 6

Drawings of bacteria, first written report of cells

THE CORK

Question 7

1673 Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek discovery

Answer 7

Described live unicellular microorganisms he observes using his own microscope design

FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY

Question 8

Spontaneous Generation

Answer 8

Organisms arrive from non living matter

Question 9

Biogenesis

Answer 9

Organisms arrive from preexisting life

Question 10

Louis Pastur 1822-1895

Answer 10

Described how fermination occurs from food spoilage and microbial activity

Formulated “pasteurization” to make beverages last longer

Question 11

Variolation (Asia prior to 1700s)

Answer 11

Dried scrapings of small pox blisters that were enhailled or packed into a cut

Question 12

1796 Edward Jenner

Answer 12

Found person with cowpox was protected from smallpox

Question 13

1876 Robert Koch

Answer 13

Provided proof that bacterium causes anthrax and provided the experimental steps “Koch’s postulates” proves that specific microbes cause a specific disease

Question 14

Chemotherapy

Answer 14

Treatment with chemicals
Can be synthetic drugs or antibiotics

Question 15

Antibiotics

Answer 15

Chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that kill or inhibit other microbes

Question 16

1910 Paul Ehrlich

Answer 16

Developed a synthetic arsenic drug called Salvarsan to treat syphillis

Question 17

Sulfonamides

Answer 17

Synthesized in 1930 prevented infections after surgery

Question 18

1928 Alexander Fleming

Answer 18

Discovered the first antibiotic penicillin that killed staphylococcus aureus

Question 19

1735 Carolina Linnaeus

Answer 19

Established the system of scientific nomenclature with his publication of systema naturae

Book established taxonomic system that helped to name and classify organisms

Question 20

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 20

Describes a clustered arrangement of cells, shape and golden color of colonies

Found on skin

Question 21

Staphylo-

Answer 21

Greek= cluster of grapes

Question 22

-Coccus-

Answer 22

Greek= seed or berry

Question 23

Aureus

Answer 23

Latin= gold

Question 24

Escherichia coli = Ecoli

Answer 24

Theodore Escherich found, located in large intestine or colon

Question 25

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 25

No membrane bound nucleus No membrane bound organelles Cell wall composed of peptidoglycan

Question 26

Prokaryotic cells: Archaea

Answer 26

Unicellular organisms similar to bacteria but few differences Thrive in hostile environments - psychrophiles (ice) -thermophiles (heat) - basophils (basic) - acidophils (acids) No known human pathogens

Question 27

Prokaryotic Cells: Bacteria

Answer 27

Some do well in hostile but most are mesophilic or near-mesophillic (near human temp) Many human pathogens Described by cell shape

Question 28

Bacteria shapes

Answer 28

-Coccus (circle) -Coccusbacillis (circle/oval) -Vibrio (ovalish one side pointer than the other- cone ish shape -Bacillis (oval long) -sprillium(zig zag long) -Spirochete (spiral long shape)

Question 29

Eukaryotes: Protists & Fungi

Answer 29

Informal group of Euk cells that are not plants animals or fungi Protisist— Algae : photosynthetic uni or multi cellular have cellulose walls mostly aquatic Fungi—- Protozoa : unicellular organisms many are motile have cilia or flagella some photosynthetic but most absorb and ingest organic materials

Question 30

Eukaryotes: Fungi

Answer 30

Mushrooms, yeast and molds, multicellular organisms mostly decomposers

Question 31

Eukaryotes: Helminiths

Answer 31

Parasitic worms that cause infection Guinea worm burrows from intestine to tissues and emerges as an ulceration

Question 32

Acellular microorganisms : Viruses

Answer 32

A cellular and non metabolic Composed of dna or rna with a protein coat Enter cell by binding to receptors to make more copies