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MY AMMO FOR BOARDS > MICRO RIBS FROM DR. BODETTE > Flashcards

MICRO RIBS FROM DR. BODETTE Flashcards

1
Q

Comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

  • Similarities -

1–_____ as their genetic material

2–Both _______ bound

3– Both have __________

4–Similar basic metabolism

5– Both amazingly diverse in forms `

A

DNA

membrane

ribosomes

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2
Q

Comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

  • Differences -

1–Eukaryotes have ___________ (prokaryotes do not)

2– Eukaryotes have membrane-bound __________ (prokaryotes do not)

3– Eukaryotic cells are, on average, ten times the size of prokaryotic cells.

4– The DNA of eukaryotes is much _______ complex and therefore much more extensive (prokaryotes have circular DNA)

A

nuclei

organelles

more

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3
Q

Comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

  • Differences -

5–Prokaryotes have a cell wall composed of _________ a single large polymer of amino acids and sugar (Eukaryotic cells also have cell walls, but NONE made of peptidoglycan).

6– The DNA of prokaryotes FLOATS freely around the cell (DNA of eukaryotes is HELD within its nucleus and associated with histones [proteins])

7–Eukaryotes undergo _______; prokaryotes divide by binary fission (simple cell division)

A

peptidoglycan,

mitosis

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4
Q

Bacteria

1-Prokaryotes
2–Unicellular
3—Cell wall (+)

Bugs:
1) Clostridium \_\_\_\_\_\_(Gram +)
2) Clostridium botulinum (Gram +)
3) Neisseria \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (Gram-)
4) Chlamydia trachomatis (Gram-)
5) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 (unable to be stained due to mycolic acid on membrane)
A

tetani

gonorrhoeae

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5
Q

Virus

1–NEITHER— eukaryotes nor prokaryotes!!
2-__________, obligate intracellular parasites

Bugs:
1) Most common “\_\_\_\_”: rhinovirus (30-50%)
2) Influenza virus \_\_\_
• A) H5N1 (“bird flu”)
• B) H1N1 (“swine flu”)
3) Human immunodeficiency virus (type-1 and -2) (lentivirus—type of retrovirus)
4) Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1,2)
5) Varicella zoster virus
A

Acellular

cold

A

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6
Q

Helminths/Parasites

1-Eukaryotes
2–MULTIcellular
3—Tape worm, trichinosis, hook worm, etc.

Bug … uh, worms:

1) Taenia solium (______tapeworm)
2) Taenia saginata (_______ tapeworm)
3) Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworms)
4) T. spiralis, T. nativa, etc. (ROUND worms)

A

pork

beef

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7
Q

Protozoa

1-Eukaryotes
2–UNIcellular
3—Diseases: _______, giardiasis, amoebic dysentery, etc.

Agents:

1) Plasmodium falciparum (vector: Anopheles gambiae)
2) Giardia lamblia
3) Entamoeba histolytica (also sexually transmitted; not to be confused with S. sonnei)

A

malaria,

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8
Q

Fungi

Eukaryotes

1-Almost entirely multicellular (with yeast being a prominent unicellular fungus)
2–Cell wall (+)
3—Diseases: mycoses: candida, ringworm, _______ ________ = (Tinea pedis), _____ _________ = (Tinea cruris), etc.

A

ATHLETES FOOT

jock itch

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9
Q

Bacterial Classification:
Four Groups Based on Cell Wall Composition

1-Gram-positive cells: cocci and bacilli
2–Gram-negative cells: cocci and bacilli
3—Bacteria without ____ _____ (e.g., Mycoplasma)
4—-Bacteria with _______ unique cell walls (e.g.,
Mycobacteria, Nocardia, etc. acid-fast stain (+))

A

cell walls

chemically

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10
Q

THESE ARE KNOWN AS __________ Infections

HSV Type I & II
Varicella Zoster
CMV
HIV
EBV
Adenovirus
TB
A

Latent

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11
Q

THESE ARE KNOWN AS ______

Herpes Simplex Type II
CMV
HPV
HIV
Trichomonas Vaginalis
Treponema pallidum
Neisseria gonorrheae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Haemophilus Ducreyii
A

STDs

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12
Q

THESE CAN CAUSE ________

HSV type II
EBV
HPV (type 16)
Hepatitis B & C
Human TLV (HIV)
Aspergillus Fumigatus
Schistosoma
A

Tumors

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13
Q

THESE CAN CAUSE _____

E. Coli
Proteus
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
A

UTI

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14
Q

THESE CAN CAUSE ________ AND ________

Strep. pneumoniae: very early (months) to very old
Haemophilus influenzae: 6 months to 6 years
Neisseria meningitidis: adolescence to adulthood
(6 to 30 y.o.)

A

meningitis & positive Quellung reaction

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15
Q

THESE CROSSES THE PLACENTA

  • -Rubella
  • -CMV
  • -____
  • -Toxoplasma gondii
  • -Listeria
  • -_______
A

HIV

Syphilis

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16
Q

THIS IS A _______ infection

1–STREPTococcus pneumoniae
2–Mycoplasma pneumoniae (atypical pneumonia)

A

Community

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17
Q

THIS IS A ________ infection

  • -E. coli
  • -Proteus
  • -Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • -STAPHylococcus aureus
  • -Pseudomonas
  • -aeruginosa
A

Nosocomial

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18
Q

THIS IS AN ________ infection

  • –Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus)
  • Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)
  • -Pneumocystis carinii
  • -Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan)
  • -Toxoplasma gondii (protozoan)
  • -Histoplasma Capsulatum
  • —–HIV——-
  • -Candida albicans
  • -Kaposi’s Sarcoma
  • -Varicella Zoster
  • -Mucor & Rhizopus Mycoses
  • -Listeria
  • -MAIC (mycobacterium)
A

Opportunistic

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19
Q

THESE TWO CAUSE DIARRHEA:

1–Diarrhea “Montezuma’s revenge” = ________
(most common)

2–Explosive diarrhea = _______ (Gmrods)

A

E. coli

C. jejuni

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20
Q

THIS CAUSES ____________

  • -Enteric fever (S.typhi)
  • -Plague (Y. pestis)
  • -Cholera (V.cholerae)
  • -Leprosy (M. leprae)
A

Quarantine

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21
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

1–__________ = Staphylococcus aureus
2–_______ _____ or cellulitis = Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Osteomyelitis

Scarlet fever

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22
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

3–Malignant pustule (eschar) = _____ (Bacillus anthracis)
4–Lock jaw = _____ (Clostridium tetani)

A

anthrax

tetanus

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23
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

5–_________________ syndrome = meninigiococcemia
6–_________________ syndrome = aspirin with chicken pox (VZV) or influenza (H5N1, H1N1, etc.)

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen

Reye’s

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24
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

7–_____ _____ = Clostridium perfringes
8–_____ _____ = Clostridium difficile

A

Gas gangrene

Pseudomembranous colitis

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25
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

9–____ _____ ____: diphtheriae (Corynebacterium diptheriae; Gm+ facultative aerobe)
10–____ ______ _____: CMV in tissue, Giardia lambia

A

Chinese-letter arrangement

Owl-eye appearance

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26
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

11–Ashoff bodies in rheumatic fever and Reed Sternberg cells in ______ _______
12–Schick test: in _______

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

diphtheria

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27
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

13–Widal test: in enteric fever of _____
14–Traveler’s diarrhea = ______

A

typhoid

E. coli

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28
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

15–Swarming growth = ______
16–Diarrhea in _______ in the US = Campylobacter jejuni

A

proteus

children

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29
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

17.--\_\_\_\_\_\_\_= Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
18---\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ = Haemophilus ducreyi
A

Chancre

Chancroid

30
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

19–______ = Treponema cartenum (S. America)
20–Bejel & Yaws: Treponema pallidum and pertenue (____)

A

Pinta

Africa

31
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

21–____ _______ ________= Yersinia pestis
(black death)
22–_____ _______ _______ = of the media: Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Safety-pin appearance

Fried-egg shape

32
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

23–Facial Bell’s palsy: with second stage of ____ disease
24–Lymphogranuloma venereum disease; by _______
trachomatis

A

Lyme

Chlamydia

33
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

25--\_\_\_\_\_\_ =  German measles (togavirus)
26--\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ =  (Koplik’s spot): measles (paramyxovirus)
A

Rubella

Rubeola

34
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

27–_____ ______ & herpetic whitlow
= herpes simplex type I
28–Varicella = ________ ________ (VZV)

A

Cold sores

chicken pox

“I WANT TO CELLA SOME CHICKEN!!”

35
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

29–Variola = ____ _____(orthopoxvirus)
30–Molluscum contagiosum: by poxvirus

36
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

31–Condylomata acuminatum: HPV
32–Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)
= “(_______ __________”): Parvovirus B19

A

=slapped-cheek

37
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

33--\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ =  mumps
34--\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ = parainfluenza virus
A

Parotitis

Croup

38
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

35–_________ = respiratory syncytial virus (paramyxovirus)
36–_____ _________ = Rabies (lyssavirus)

A

Bronchiolitis

Negri bodies

39
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

37–Polio vaccine: =
_____ (killed),
and
______ (live-attenuated)

A

=Salk

Sabin

40
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

38–__________ (hand-foot-mouth disease)
= Coxsackie type I

A

Herpengina

41
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

39–Pleurodynia and myocarditis = Coxsackie type II
40–Infantile diarrhea = ______ virus

42
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

41–Gastro-enteritis in young children = ___________
42–Common cold = ________

A

ROTAvirus

Rhinovirus

43
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

43–Hepatitis __ virus: MC type that causes hepatitis,
oral-fecal transmission
44–____ ____ disease: unconventional protein (prion)

44
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words

45–______=: Candida albicans fungus
46–_________ (liver cancer) = Asperigillus flavus fungus

A

Thrush

Aflatoxin

45
Q

Miscellaneous Buzz-words—LAST TWO

47–Hepatitis ___ = SSRNA
48–Hepatitis ___ = DSRNA

A

A …..”A IS A NAZI!…SSrna

B ….”B IS A DIPSHIT!!….DSrna

46
Q

Bacteria cell wall X 2

1—-Gram _____________ =

  • -PeptiDOGlycan [protein, thick layer: 60-100%]
  • -EXOtoxin [make toxiod vaccine] = toxin released
A

positive

…..”GOOD DOG”!!

“STAY OUTSIDE”…….EXO

47
Q

Bacteria cell wall

2—Gram ______________=

  • -LIPOpolysaccharide [fat] (thin layer of peptidoglycan: 5-10%)
  • -ENDOtoxins [no toxoid] = INSIDE cell wall

***DDX Staph Vs Strep = CATALASE

A

negative

“HAVING — LIPO— CUZ I FEEL……NEGATIVE”

“I’LL STAY INSIDE”—ENDO

48
Q

2 TYPES OF Gram positive cocci

1–______ _________—-Boils (Furncules), pus, Osteomyelitis, abscess,Toxic shock syndrome & Food poisoning

2–_____ __________—-Cellulitis, lymphangitis, tonsillitis
Rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis

A

Staph. aureus
EX. Catalase positive, Mannitol salt agar,
Cluster grape-shape & Golden yellow colonies

Strep. pyogenes
EX.. In a chain, Group A betahemolytic
(complete hemolysis)

49
Q 
Organism = Neisseria gonorrheae
Features = Ferments glucose, Thayer-Martin chocolate agar
Disease = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
50
Q 
Organism =Neisseria
meningitidis
Features = Ferments glucose and maltose;Polysaccharide
capsule
Disease =\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Meningitis, meningiococcemia

51
Q

Gram Positive Bacilli = rods
1–Organism = B. anthracis
Notes = from soil [woolsorters]
Disease =_________________

52
Q

Gram Positive Bacilli = rods
2–Organism = C. botulinum
Notes = Flaccid paralysis = blocks release acetylcholine
Disease =_________________

53
Q

Gram Positive Bacilli = rods
3–Organism = C. tetani
Notes = Spastic paralysis = inhibits inhibitory transmitter (glycine)
Disease =_________________

A

Tetanus [lock jaw]

54
Q

Gram Positive Bacilli = rods
4–Organism = C. perfringens
Notes = Bubbles under skin with alpha-toxin
Disease =_________________

A

Gas gangrene

55
Q

Gram Positive Bacilli = rods
5–Organism = C. dificile
Notes =
Disease =_________________

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

56
Q

Gram Positive Bacilli = rods
6 OF 6–Organism = Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Notes = Schick test
Disease =_________________

A

diphtheria

57
Q

Spirochetes X 5

1–Organism =Treponema palliDUM
Disease =_____________
Notes = Dark field microscopy

2–Organism =Treponema pertenUE
Disease =_____________
Notes = Non-venereal disease

A

Syphilis (STD) “SYPHILILS IS DUM”

Yaws “UE ARE BORING” (YAWN…GET IT??)

58
Q

Spirochetes X 5

3–Organism =Borrelia recurrentis
Disease =_____________
Notes = Ticks/lice

4–Organism =Borrelia BURGdorferi
Disease =_____________
Notes = Bulls eye lesion, Deer tick

A

Relapsing fever

Lyme…..I’LL HAVE A BURGER WITH LYME SAUCE!

59
Q

Spirochetes X 5

5 OF 5 –Organism =Leptospira
Disease =_____________
Notes = Zoonosis (rat-urine)

A

Weil’s disease …..”WEIL SMELLS LIKE RAT PISS”

60
Q

Chlamydial disease X 2

1–___________ = PSITTacosis [parrots & other birds]

2–C. Trachomatis:= lymphogranuloma venereum
STD: Non-gonococcal, UTI, PID, trachoma,
Reiter’s syndrome

A

C. Psittaci:

“C THE BIRDS SITT!”

61
Q

Gram Negative bacilli X 7

1–Organism=___________
Disease =UTI, traveler’s diarrhea
Notes= nosocomial infection

2–Organism=___________
Disease= Typhoid fever MCC
Notes= NONE

A

E. Coli

Salmonella

62
Q

Gram Negative bacilli X 7

3–Organism=V. cholera
Disease= __________
Notes= Rice water stool

4–Organism=F. TULarensis
Disease= _________
Notes= Contact with WILD animal

A

Cholera

tularemia….THIS WILD ANIMAL IS A TUL!!

63
Q

Gram Negative bacilli X 7

5–Organism=Yersenia pestis
Disease =_____________
Notes= Bubonic, black death

6—-Organism=Pseudomonas aeroginosa
Disease =_____________
Notes= Blue green pus In burns, cystic fibrosis

A

plague

pneumonia

64
Q

Gram Negative bacilli X 7

7 OF 7–Organism=Haemophilus influenzae

Disease =_____________
Notes= NONE

A

Meningitis (6 month-6years)

65
Q

Fungal disease X 5

1–Organism =Histoplasma capsulatum
Disease=Histoplasmosis
Notes=LUNG, lymphadenopathy

2–Organism =Aspergillus fumigatus
Disease=Aspergillosis
Notes= LUNG, hematogenous

3–Organism =C. immitis
Disease=____________________
Notes=San Joaquin or Valley Fever, sporaden dust

A

Coccidiodomycoses

66
Q

Fungal disease X 5

4–Organism =Cryptococcus neoformans
Disease=Meningitis
Notes= NONE

5 OF 5–Organism =Candida albicans
Disease=Candidiasis
Notes=Children = _________

67
Q

Immunity X 4

  1. _____ = Mucous membrane GI tract, Respiratory system = secretion
  2. ____ = Crosses placenta, secondary immune (old or vaccinated) = Baby carry mothers IgG for 6 months
A

IgA

IgG

………..”GEEEE…I MADE A BABY!”

68
Q

Immunity X 4

  1. ____ = Heavy molecular weight, primary response (acute)
  2. ____= Allergy type 1
A

IgM

IgE

” E FOR allergEEEEEE”

69
Q

Hypersensitivity x 4

Type I, immediate or anaphylactic—- ____ = Bee sting, asthma, allergic rhinitis.

Type II, cytotoxic—- _____________ = Apoptosis = I cell death Blood transfusion reaction, Good Pasture’s syndrome Rheumatic fever

A

IgE

IgM, IgG, Complements

70
Q

Hypersensitivity x 4

Type III, immune complex—_____________ = RA, SLE, glomerulonephritis

Type IV, delayed onset—_____ = TB, tissue transplant
Contact dermatitis

A

IgM, IgG, Complements

T-cells

MY AMMO FOR BOARDS (4 decks)

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