Micro: Parasites and Infestation Flashcards

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1
Q

Pathogenesis of the nematode that you catch in sandboxes or on the beach.

A

Ancylostoma braziliense: causes cutaneous larva migrans
-larvae penetrate the skin on feet but remains in the subcutaneous tissue until the eosinophilic response eliminates the infection.

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2
Q

Nematode contracted from drinking water containing an infected Cyclops microcrustacean.

A

Dracunculus medinensis

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3
Q

Treatment for D. medinensis skin infection.

A

Once the worm exits the skin to lay eggs, wrap it around a twig slowly.
Do not want to break the worm or use anti-parasites because the body may go into an anaphylactic reaction.

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4
Q

Presentation and treatment for a Black widow bite.

A

Bite releases a peripheral neurotoxin that causes muscle cramps, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbance. Eventual cardiac or respiratory failure is fatal.

Tx: Antivenin (Abs to the venom usually obtained from hyperimmunized horses)

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5
Q

Presentation and treatment for Brown Recluse bite.

A

Bite introduces necrotoxin. Local tissue erythema and necrosis occurs. Treatment just involves keeping bite site clean to prevent secondary infection.

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6
Q

Describe the two scorpion toxins.

A
  1. Hemorrhagic/Hemolytic: causes local reactions, burning and radiating pain, welling, discoloration and necrosis.
  2. Neurotoxin: systemic effects, chills, muscle spasm, salivation, tachycardia, seizure, death
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7
Q

Treatment for scorpion stings.

A

Antvenin or analgesics for the pain

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8
Q

Condition that causes “interdigital itching”.

A

Scabies, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites. Females burrow into skin, lay eggs

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9
Q

What is Norwegian or Crusted Scabies?

A

Scabies infection in IC patients that leads to generalized dermatitis with extensive crusting and scaling.

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10
Q

Treatment for scabies.

A

Permethrin cream

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11
Q

Mites that infest hair follicles.

A

Demodex folliculorum mites

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12
Q

Bug that bites causing intense pruritic pain where clothing is tight or restricted.

A

Chiggers

-also a vector for scrub typhus

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13
Q

What is Tick Paralysis

A

Ascending flaccid paralysis, fever, general intoxication. It may lead to respiratory compromise and death.

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14
Q

What is Myiasis?

A

Maggots that live parasitically in human tissue.

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15
Q

Most important Myiasis.

A
Dermatobia hominis (human botfly)
-usually the fly lays eggs that attach to mosquitos, the mosquitos bite a human and the eggs are deposited on the skin near the bite site.  The eggs hatch and the maggots crawl into the bite.
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16
Q

What are Pediculus humanus capitus and Phthirus Pubis?

A

Head Lice

Pubic Lice

17
Q

Treatment for head lice.

A

Permethrin Shampoo

Or shave your head

18
Q

Where do chigoe fleas commonly infest humans?

A

Under toe nails

19
Q

Main problem with Cimex lectularius

A

Bed Bug

-bites people during the night and can cause allergic reaction, anemia, nervous disorders, insomnia

20
Q

Main pathogenesis of bee and wasp stings/bites.

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

includes fire ants

21
Q

Biggest side effect on antivenin for snake bites.

A

Serum Sickness

-Type III hypersensitivity reaction to proteins in the anti-serum.