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GI Exam 3 > Micro: Parasites > Flashcards

Micro: Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Actively replicating form of a protozoan.

A

Trophozoite

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2
Q

Flask-shaped ulcers

A

Entamoeba histolytic

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3
Q

Treatment for Entamoeba histolytic

A
  1. Paromomycin: non-invasive

2. Metronidazole: symptomatic, invasive

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4
Q

Bloody diarrhea and pigs.

A

Balantidium coli

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5
Q

Treatment for Balantidium coli.

A

Tetracyclines

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6
Q

Bi-lobed nuclei in the trophozoite form.

A

Giardia lamblia

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7
Q

Buzz word for Giardia on wet mount.

A

Falling-Leaf motility

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8
Q

Condition caused by Giardia

A

Malabsorption syndrome

-especially lipids, so patients present with foul smelling steatorrhea.

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9
Q

Acid fast round oocyst with watery diarrhea.

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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10
Q

Treatment for Cryptosporidium parvum

A
  1. Water + electrolytes

2. IC patients: Nitazoxanide

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11
Q

Acid fast oval (or elliptical) oocyst.

A

Isospera belli

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12
Q

Condition caused by Isospera belli

A

Malabsorption syndrome

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13
Q

Nocturnal peri-anal itching.

A

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)

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14
Q

Diagnosis and treatment for Enterobius vermicularis

A
  1. Scotch Tape or Cellulose tape applied to the perianal area and check for eggs.
  2. Treat: Pyrantel Pamoate (OTC)
    or mebendazole or albendazole
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15
Q

Diagnosed by either colonoscopy, eggs in sputum or stool.

A 
Ascaris lubricoides (roundworm)
-migrates thru blood to heart and lungs which can be "coughed up" and be found in sputum
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16
Q

Treatment for Ascaris lubricoides

A

Albendazole

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17
Q

Bug contracted accidently from cats or dogs.

A

Toxocara canis or T. cati

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18
Q

Treatment of T. canis or cati

A

Albendazole

19
Q

Barrel shape eggs with plugs on both ends.

A

Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)

20
Q

Main GI symptom and treatment of whipworm.

A

Bloody mucoid diarrhea

Treatment: Albendazole

21
Q

Pneumonitis in immunocompromised patients.

A

Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)

22
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of Strongyloides s.

A

Diagnose: Baermann funnel gauze method, find larva in fecal sample (hookworm you just find eggs)

Treatment: Ivermectin

23
Q

Most commonly contracted from undercooked bear meat in the US.

A

Trichinella spiralis

24
Q

Main symptoms of Trichinella infection.

A

MYLAGIA (encysts in the muscle fibers then hatches), abdominal discomfort, diarrhea

25
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of Trichinella s.

A

D: muscle biopsy
T: Bed rest, antipyretics, and analgesics
Albendazole: for adult worms

26
Q

Sushi or raw fish

A

Anisakis simplex

27
Q

Presentation and treatment for a patient with Anisakis simplex

A

Presents with N/V within hours after eating sushi due to hypersensitivity reaction in stomach

Treat with surgery if it doesn’t resolve

28
Q

Intermediate host of Flukes

A

Snails

29
Q

Larval and infectious stage of flukes

A

Cercariae

30
Q

Type of egg in all trematodes

A

Operculated eggs

31
Q

Eating contaminated water chestnuts

A

Fasciolopsis buski (Giant intestinal fluke)

32
Q

Presentation and treatment for Fasciolopsis buski

A

Watery diarrhea with malabsorption syndrome

Treat: Praziquantel

33
Q

What is Katayama syndrome?

A

Urticaria, cough, abdominal, pain caused by acute infection of Schistosoma mansoni

34
Q

Clay pipestem fibrosis

A

Chronic infection of Schistosoma mansoni involving fibrosis of the portal vein in the liver. Fatal

35
Q

How can you differentiate Schistosoma mansoni from S. haematobium?

A

mansoni - has lateral spine on egg

haematobium - has a central terminal spine on egg

36
Q

Treatment for Schistosomes

A

Praziquantel

37
Q

What are proglottids?

A

Segments that make up the body of the cestodes (tapeworms)

38
Q

Neurocysticercosis, seizures

A

Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)

  • calcification in tissues (cysticercosis)
  • this one can calcify in the brain and cause seizures
39
Q

Treatment for Taenia solium

A

Praziquantel

40
Q

Beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

41
Q

causes B12 deficiency

A

Diphyllobothrium latum (Fish tapeworm)

42
Q

Treatment of diphyllobothrium latum

A

Niclosamide and B12 supplements

43
Q

What is hydatid cyst disease?

A

Cysts growing in liver or lungs due to Echinococcus granulosus infection.

44
Q

Treatment for E. granulosus infection.

A

Hydatid cyst disease: surgical removal of cysts

Albendazole for non-complicated infection

GI Exam 3 (11 decks)

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