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EMS - Mechanisms Of Disease > Micro-organisms in Disease : Infection > Flashcards

Micro-organisms in Disease : Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chain of infection

A

1) Pathogenic organism
2) Reservoir
3) Exit
4) Transmission
5) Entry
6) Susceptible host

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2
Q

What is the name given to describe the degree to which a micro-organism is able to cause disease.

A

Virulence

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3
Q

What is the name given to describe the ability of a micro-organism to become established on or in a host

A

Infectivity

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4
Q

What are components of micro-organisms that result in harmful effects called?

A

Virulence factors

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5
Q

What virulence factor is a component of Gram negative bacterial cell walls, released from damaged/ dead cells and binds to a number of host cell receptors to induce a range of uncontrolled host cell responses?

A

Endotoxin

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6
Q

What is the host response to endotoxin?

A

Systemic Inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

  • uncontrolled T cell response
  • uncontrolled activation of the clotting cascade
  • uncontrolled activation of complement
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7
Q

What is botulism?

A

Clostridium botulinim
releases toxins. can gain entry via contaminated food, infection of dirty wounds. The toxin attacks the nervous system causing muscle weakness and paralysis.

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8
Q 
Diplopia 
Dysphagia
Dysarthria
Dry mouth 
death (due to respiratory failure)
are all clinical features of...
A

Botulism

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9
Q

Tetanus

A

Toxin produced by Clostridium Tetani causes Jaw spasms, whole body siezures.
Death by respiratory paralysis

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10
Q

Bordetella pertussis causes

A

Whooping Cough

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11
Q

Vibrio Cholerae causes

A

Cholera

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12
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae causes

A

Diphtheria

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13
Q

Clostridium Difficile

A

Diarrhoea / pseudomembranous colitis

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14
Q

Scarlet fever is caused by

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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15
Q

What bacteria has virulence factors which promote connective tissue breakdown and invasion?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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16
Q 
What bacteria causes:
Streptococcal sore throat
Erysipelas (red pathy skin)
Necrotizing fasciitis
Scarlet fever
A

Streptococcus Pyogenes

17
Q

Strep Pyogenes, Virulence factors:

Hyaluronidase / streptokinase

A

Break down connective tissue compenents and fascilitate tissue invasion

18
Q

Strep Pyogenes Virulence factors

C5a peptidase

A

Inactivated complement C5a

19
Q

Strep Pyogenes, Virulence factors:

Streptolysins -O and -H

A

Lyse red and white blood cells and platelets

20
Q

Strep Pyogenes, Virulence factors:

Erythrogenic tosin

A

causes the rash of scarlet fever

21
Q

What are the 3 components which make up viruses?

A

1) DNA / RNA
2) Capsid Protein
3) Envelope

22
Q

What is the virus life cycle?

A

1) Adsorption
2) Penetration
3) Uncoating
4) Synthesis
5) Assembly
6) Release

EMS - Mechanisms Of Disease (18 decks)

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