Acid-Base Homeostasis Flashcards
What contributes to acid production in the body?
CO2,
unmetabolised acids
plasma [H+]
What are the sites of Acid-base metabolism?
- lungs
- kidney
- GI tract
- Liver
In the Oxygen-Haemoglobin dissociation curve what does a right shift indicate/
Right shift with Increased 2,3 diPG Acidosis H+ Temperature
*oxygen dissociates more easily here
Where in the kidneys is bicarbonate reclaimed?
convuluted tubules
How is acid-base homeostasis maintained in the GI tract?
Stomach produces H+.
Pancreas produced HCO3-
What is the Liver’s role in acid-base homeostasis?
- Lactate is metabolised in the liver.
- Urea is synthesised in the liver
- proteins and amino acids are processed here (release of NH4+)
What occurs in severe liver failure?
Metabolic alkalosis
NH4+ toxicity
How do we compensate for acidosis?
1) Renal bicarbonate regeneration.
2) Hepatic shift between urea synthesis (inhibited by acidosis) and ammonia excretion (stimulated by alkalosis)
What causes metabolic Acidosis?
1) increased H+ formation
2) Acid ingestion
3) reduced renal H+ excretion
4) loss of bicarbonate
What causes metabolic alkalosis?
1) generation of bicarbonate by gastric mucosa
2) Renal generation of bicarbonate
3) administration of bicarbonate
What is decreased H+, increased pCO2, decreased pCO2?
Metabolic alkalosis
What is increased H+, decreased pCO2, increased pO2?
Metabolic Acidosis
What is increased H+, increased pCO2 and decreased pO2 a sign of?
Respiratory acidosis
What is decreased H+, Decreased pCO2 and increased pO2 a sign of?
Respiratory Alkalosis
What are the causes of increased H+ formation?
1) alcoholic / diabetic ketoacidosis (breakdown of fats and amino acid for energy)
2) lactic acidosis
3) poisoning
