Acute Inflammation Flashcards
What are the causes of Acute Inflammation?
1) Tissue death by:
- Ischaemia
- Trauma
- Toxins
- Thermal injury
- Radiation
2) Infection
- esp bacterial
What is the purpose of acute inflammation?
1) Clear away dead tissues
2) locally protect from infection
3) allow access of immune system components
What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation?
1) HEAT
2) PAIN
3) REDNESS
4) SWELLING
What are the components of the acute Inflammatory response?
1) Vascular reaction (dilation increases blood flow)
2) Exudative reaction (causes swelling)
3) Cellular reaction - migration of inflammatory cells out of vessels
what is pyrexia?
raised body temp / fever
what is permeability of blood vessels controlled by?
- Histamine
- Bradykinin
- NO
- Leukotriene B4
- Complement compounds
What is the cellular reaction in acute inflammation?
- neutrophils accumulate in the extracellular space
- neutrophils + cell debris + bacteria = pus
what is they lifespan of neutrophils?
a few hours
what are the cell derived mediators of acute inflammation?
stored:
-histamine
synthesised:
- Prostaglandins
- leukotrienes
- cytokines
- NO
- Chemokines
what are the plasma derived mediators of acute inflammation?
- kinin system
- clotting pathway
- thrombolytic pathway
- complement pathway
what is the role of histamine in acute inflammation?
-vascular dilatation leads to increased permeability
In what diseases does the inflammatory pathway to go wrong?
1) Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
2) Acute respiratory distress syndrome
3) chronic granulomatous disease of childhood
4) Hereditary angio-oedema
5) Amyloidosis
What are the effects of acute inflammation damage on tissue?
1) Minimal tissue damage can be resolved
2) Some tissue damage can lead to fibrosis
3) Tissue damage with a neutrophilic reaction can cause suppuration (abscess)
4) If damaging agent persists then chronic inflammation can occur
