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Microbiology > Micro lab > Flashcards

Micro lab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Culture

A

A liquid or solid medium with microorganisms growing in or on it

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2
Q

Mixed Culture

A

contains a mixture of different species of bacteria or other organisms

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3
Q

Pure culture

A

contains only one species or strain

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4
Q

Bacterial colony

A

A visible mass of cells that arises from a single original cell

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5
Q

Steps for streak plating

A

1) label plate (on bottom!!)
2) fire inoculation loop
3) fire top of test tube
4) dip inoculation loop in bacteria
5) fire and close lid
6) streak plate
7) streak across agar plate and inoculate plate
8) store upside down into incubator

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6
Q

Colony morphology traits (7)

A

size
shape
margin
surface
elevation
texture
optical properties

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7
Q

Size

A

measurement of the colony’s dimensions- the diameter if circular of length and width if shaped otherwise

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8
Q

Shape

A

round(circular), irregular, punctiform(tiny, pinpoint)

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9
Q

Margin

A

entire (smooth with no irregularities), undulate (wavy), lobate (lobed), filamentous (unbranched strands) or rhizoid (branched like roots)

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10
Q

surface

A

smooth, rough, wrinkled (rugose) shiny, or dull

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11
Q

texture

A

moist, mucoid (sticky), butyrous (buttery) or dry

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12
Q

elevations

A

flat, raised, convex, pulvinate (very convex) and umbonate (raised in center)

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13
Q

other descriptive features

A

color, opaque (can’t see through it) and translucent (can see through it)

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14
Q

Colony description slant

A

filiform growth (dense and opaque with smooth growth)
texture (moist/friable)
optical (opaque/translucent)
margin (same as bacteria)
pigment/color

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15
Q

Colony description broth

A

Pellicle (surface membrane)
Sediment (sink to bottom)
Uniform fine turbidity (foggy all over)
Flocculant (clumps)

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16
Q

Steps to using light microscope

A

1) set up & clean with ethanol
2)place on slide at lowest power (4x)
3) focus first with coarse-focus adjustment knob
4) focus then with fine-focus adjustment knob
5) find desired area and advance to next objective
6) once focused at 40x rotate nose piece position to midway between high-dry and oil immersion lenses
7) add drop of immersion oil
8) rotate tip into oil, pass through it, and then return into oil
9) clean and put away when done

17
Q

Simple stain

A

uses one stain (generally basic), basic stain will be attracted to negative charges on surface of bacterial cell, can determine cell morphology, size, and arrangement

18
Q

Negative stain

A

negatively charged chromogen dye, bacteria repels and remains unstained, can determine morphology and cell arrangement, allows for accurate size measurements, used for bacteria that can’t withstand heat fixation

19
Q

Gram stain

A

Differential stain, based on differences in cell wall construction

20
Q

Differential stain

A

detects differences between organisms or differences between parts of same organism

21
Q

Acid fast stain

A

differential stan based on presence of mycolic acid in cell wall, important for ID of Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Cryptosporidium
mycolic acid increases affinity for primary stain and resists decolorization

22
Q

reagents in acid fast stain

A

carbolfuschin (penetrates waxy cell wall)
acid alcohol (decolorize non acid fast cells)
counter stain with methylene blue

23
Q

Capsule Stain

A

differential stain used to detect cells with extracellular capsule, capsules increase virulence and are less vulnerable to phagocytosis, composed of mucoid polysaccharide or polypeptide (repel most stains) capsule stain will stain around cell with acidic stain and use basic stain to colorize cell. Capsule does not take up an stain
not heat fixed

24
Q

Capsule stain reagents

A

congo red and maneval’s stain

25
Q

Cocci/coccus

A

sphere shaped bacteria

26
Q

Bacilli/bacillus

A

rod shaped bacteria

27
Q

spirilla/spirillum

A

spiral shaped bacteria

28
Q

Vibrios

A

slightly curved rods

29
Q

coccobacilli

A

short rods

30
Q

spirochetes

A

flexible spirals

31
Q

diplo-

A

two bacteria chained together, cocci and bacilli

32
Q

Strepto-

A

chains of bacteria, cocci and bacilli

33
Q

Tetrads

A

square grouping of bacteria, cocci

34
Q

Sarcina

A

cubic grouping of bacteria, cocci

35
Q

Staphylococcus

A

irregular cluster of bacteria, cocci

36
Q

Steps to gram stain

A

1)add water to plate
2) add negative, positive, and bacteria
2) allow to dry
3) add crystal violet & rinse
4) add grams iodine & rinse
5) add decolorizer (ethanol) & rinse
6) counterstain with safranin

37
Q

Gram positive

A

peptidoglycan cell wall

Microbiology (6 decks)

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