Micro KL Flashcards
Pneumocystis carinii is what kind of organism?
Fungi
DOC Giardiasis
Metronidazole
alt Quinacrine
DOC: Cryptosporidium
Nitazoxanide
DOC: Cyclospora
TMP SMX
DOC: Trichomoniasis
Metronidazole
DOC:
Hemolytic stage of Trypanosoma rhodiense
&
Late CNS stage
Suramin
Melarsoprol
DOC: Trypanosoma gambiense
Hemolytic and
Late CNS stage
Pentamidine
Eflornithine
DOC: Chargas
Benzimidazole
DOC: Leishmaniasis
Stibogluconate
DOC: Naegleria & Acanthamoeba
Amphotericin B
IV + Intrathecal
DOC: P vivax & ovale hypnozoites
Primaquine
DOC: P vivax & ovale in areas of LESS resistance
Chloroquine
Re-emergence of symptoms in malaria previously treated d/t REACTIVATION of hepatic hypnozoites
Relapse
V/O
Re-emergence of malaria symptoms in patients previously asymptomatic d/t decreased immune response with no prior treatment
Re-crudescence
F/M
DOC: P falciparum
Artemether
lumefantrine
DOC: Toxoplasma
Sulfadiazine +
Pyrimethamine
Only common protozoan pathogen found in the duodenum and jejunum of humans causing diarrhea
G lamblia
After ingestion of contaminated food or water, patient had watery greasy bulky, foul-smelling stool. probably d/t
Giardiasis
Lateral spread or invasion of amoebae in the intestine produces this characteristic histological finding
Flask shaped lesions
MC extra-intestinal amebic infection
Amebic liver abscess
Description of amebic liver abscess after drainage
Anchoby paste
MC misdiagnosed non-pathogenic amebic species
Entamoeba dispar
MC source of spread of amebic infections
Asymptomatic cyst passers
DOC for Asymptomatic amebic cyst passers
Diloxanide furoate
Unilateral swelling of the eyelids in Chagas disease
Romana’s sign
MC serious condition or complication in Chagas disease
Interstitial myocarditis
Children swimming in ponds develop progressive headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, n/v, disorientation. Causative agent:
Naegleria fowleri
Organism implicated in CNS infections d/t contaminated contact lens washing solution
Acanthamoeba
Infective stage of plasmodium transmitted from bite of anopheles mosquito
Sporozoites
Merozoites are released every 72 hours from lysed RBCs in this particular plasmodium species
P malariae
COarse stippling found in blood smears in patients with falciparum malaria
Maurer’s clefts/dots
Plasmodium species involved when only ring forms and gametocytes are found in the peripheral blood smear
Falciparum
Plasmodium that parimarily invades OLDER RBCs
P malariae
Form or variant of malaria with predominant GI manifestations like vomiting and bloody diarrhea
Algid malaria
Species implicated in cerebral malaria d/t cyto-adherence
Falciparum
Species of plasmodium associated with nephrotic syndrome in children
P malariae
Term used to describe severe falciparum malaria with RBC hemolysis causing ATN giving bloody dark urine
Blackwater fever
All forms of malaria can be transmitted via these routes except: A. Transplacental B. Blood transfusion C. Needle stick D. Sexually
Sexually
Most helminths do NOT multiply asexually in humans except
E granulosus
Only intracellular helminth causing infection in humans
Trichinella inside muscle (nurse cell)
Parasite implicated in nocturnal perianal pruritis
Enterobius vermicularis
Method of Dx for nocturnal perianal prutitus (E vermicularis)
Scotch tape test
DOC for pinworm infection
Pyrantel pamoate
alt mebendazole
DOC for trichuriasis/whip worm
Mebendazole
alt albendazole
DOC for ascariasis
Mebendazole or albendazole
DOC for hookworm infection
Mebendazole or albendazole
DOC for strongyloides
Ivermectin
alt albendazole
DOC: trichinella
Albendazole
DOC: for cestodes infections
Praziquantel
DOC: Filariasis
Di-ethyl-carbamazine dec
DOC: Onchocerca
Ivermectin
DOC: Dracunculus medinensis
Physical manual extraction via stick/surgical
DOC: Fasciola hepatic
Triclabendazole/bithionol
DOC: Flukes
Praziquantel
DOC: Hydatid disease
Albendazole/surgical
Neuro-cysticercosis is caused by ingestion of what infective stage of Taenia solium
Eggs
Syndrome from larvael migration causing cough, eosinophilia, pulmonary infiltrates
Loeffler’s syndrome
Intesnse erythema pruritus after hookworm penetration on the skin
Ground itch
Parasite capable of producing hyperinfection, re-infection, auto-infection, where females are parthenogenic
Strongyloides
Cestode infection associated with B12 deficiency
D latum
Infective stage of D latum to man
Plero-cercoids
Term to characterized the predominant presence of micro-filariae at night in blood of patients
Nocturnal periodicity
Second intermediate host of fasciola hepatica
Water cress
2nd intermediate host of schistosoma
NONE
hahahhaha GOT YOU !
Prodrome symptoms of of headache, fever, chills, diarrhea, eosinophilia AFTER schistosoma infection
Katayama fever
Schistosoma spp whose egg contains a lateral spine
S mansoni
Itchy rash shortly after schistosomal cercariae penetrate into the skin
Swimmers’ itch
Predominant cause of pathology in schistosomiasis
Entrapment of eggs in organs and vascular system
What is the FINAL host of Echino-coccus granulosus
Dogs
Schistosoma prevalent in areas in the Philippines EXCEPT
- Mindoro
- Sorsogon
- Leyte
- Mindanao
- Ilocos
Ilocos
Protozoan notorius for causing sexually transmitted infections associated with yellowish, copious, foul-smelling discharge
Trichomonas vaginalis
Schistosoma spp that live in mesenteric veins
S mansoni and japonicum
De-worming was done by giving mebendazole in a barangay. Which of the ff helminths will NOT be covered?
- Trichuris
- Ascaris
- Hookworms
- Trichinella
- E vermicularis
Trichinella
Parasite with golden barrel shaped eggs with bipolar plugs
Trichuris
Congential protozoal infection causing IURG
Toxoplasmosis
DxOC in asymptomatic patients with suspected amebic liver abscess
Eia antibody detection
DxOC for differentiating pathogenic and non-pathogenic amoebae adjunct to microscopy
Stool antigen test
Helminth mostly associated with human hookworm infections
- Necator
- Echino-coccus
- Toxocara
- Ancylostoma
- Uncinaria
Necator
2nd intermediate host of the Oriental Lung fluke
Crabs
String test can be used to diagnose which 2 parasitic infections
Strongyloides and giardiasis
COPT test is used to Dx which of the ff infections
- Ameba
- Giardiasis
- Strongyloides
- Schistosoma
- Schistosoma
Filariasis causes swelling in what areas on women
Legs
Breasts
Arms
A person with Asx infection that can be transmitted to another person
Carrier
Ability of an infectious agent to cause disease
Pathogenicity
Quantitative ability of an agent to cause disease even in small numbers
Virulence
Unique capsule of Bacillus anthracis
Poly-D glutamic acid capsule
Infection initially starting as pruritic papule that changes rapidly to a vesicle, ulcerates, leaving a black eschar, also causes mediastinal hemorrhage and sepsis
Anthrax
DOC for anthrax
Ciprofloxacin
Bacteria assocaited with diarrrhea, vomiting after ingestion of re-heated fried rice, contaminated meat/sauces
Bacillus cerus
All of the ff conditions are caused by clostridia EXCEPT
- Botulism
- Tetanus
- Gas gangene
- Pseudomembranous colitis
- Necrotizing fasciitis
Necrotizing fasciitis
Toxin that cleaves SNARE proteins such as snap 2, syntaxin and synaptobrevin
Botulinum toxin
After ingestion of canned goods, sudden onset of dysphagia, speech difficulty, muscle incoordination
Botulism
What toxin cleaves synaptobrevin inhibiting inhibitory neuron release or firing
Tetanus toxin
Most important aspect in the treatment of C perfringens myonecrosis or infection
Surgical debridement
All of the ff describe Clostridium spp EXCEPT
- Gram + cocci
- Anaerobic
- Ferments carbohydrates and digest proteins
- Terminal endospores
Gram + Bacilli
Bacterium with deeply staining meachromatic granules giving a beaded appearance
C diphtheriae
Exo-toxing that can inhibit EF-2 by ADP ribosylation is produced by which 2 organisms
Pseudomonas
C diphtheriae
Bullneck, grayish pseudomembrane, myocarditis, ATN, demyelination describe
Diphtheria
Early onset perinatal disseminated listeria infection causing sepsis, pustules and granulomas in multiple organs
Granulomatosis infantiseptic
DOC for Listeria infection
Ampicillin and
Gentamicin
DOC for CNS listeria who is allergic to penicillin
TMP SMX
Catalase +
Coagulase +
Gram + Cocci producing yellowish colonies
S aureus
Resistance to methicillin by S aureus is mediated by what mechanism
Chromosomal gene causing altered penicillin binding proteins
Toxin of S aureus able to lyse WBC and acts as importance virulence factor
Panton valentine leukocidin
Toxins implicated for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Exfoliative toxins
Prototypcial super antigen
TSST-1
Gram + Cocci Novobiocin R Catalase + Coagulase - Etiologic agent of UTI
S saprophiticus
Causative agent known to cause prosthetic infections by forming biofilms
coagulase -
catalase +
S epidermidis
5th generation cephalosporin with coverage for MRSA
Ceftaroline
Drug used to eradicate nasal carrier state of S aureus
Rifampin
MC bacteria implicated in neonatal sepsis
S agalactiae
MC implicated bacteria in dental carries
S mutans
Optochin R strep species implicated in endocarditis esp with previously damaged heart valves
Viridans strep
Bacitacin S
PYR+
strep causing significant human dse
S pyogenes
Bacitracin R strep
CAMP +
Beta hemolytic
S agalactiae
Optochin S,
Bile soluble
Quellung +
Alpha hemolytic
S pneumoniae
Grows in bile and 6.5% NaCl
implicated in bacteremia among colon cancer patients
S bovis
Catalase +
Coagulase -
Novobiocin S
G + cocci
S epidermidis
Catalase -
Greenish hue in blood agar
Optochin R
Viridans strep
Gram +
Branching filaments anaerobic
Non-acid fast
Actinomyces
Gram +
Branching filaments
Aerobic
Acid fast
Nocardia
Virulence factor of streptococci which induces antibodies that react with human cardiac sarcolemma implicated in Rheumatic fever
M protein
Also known as spreading factor of streptococci causing breakdown in the ground substance of connective tissues
Hyaluronidase
Superantigen produced by streptococci capable of producing toxic shock syndrome
Pyrogenic exoteoxins a b c
ASO titer cutoff suggestive of recent streptococcal infection
160-200 units
Agent responsible for the hemolytic zones around strep colongies on blood agar
Streptolysin S
All of the ff infections are caused by S pyogenes EXCEPT
- Impetigo
- Erysipelas
- Cellulitis
- Necrotizing fasciitis
- Scarlet fever
- Pharyngitis
- None
NONE
S pyogenes causes all of those
MC infection caused by group A Beta hemolytic streptococci
Pharyngitis
Stretococcal skin infection/impetigo could lead to this autoimmune complication
Glomerulonephritis
Post streptococcal disease commonly proceeded by a streptococcal URTI
Rheumatic fever
Post streptococcal disease commonly preceeded by a streptococcal URTI
1-4 weeks
Most serious sequelae of S pyogenes infection
Rheumatic fever
Post streptococcal disease NOT associated with cutaneous strep infection
Rheumatic fever
Serologic tests more specific for streptococcal cutaneous infections
Anti-DNAse B and
Anti-hyaluronidase
DOC for S pyogenes infection
Pen G
Most prevalent component of the normal flora of the URT
Viridans strep
Gram + Lancet shaped diplococci in chains with
polysaccharide capsule
S pneumoniae
Bacteremia from S pneumonia causes a triad of these complications
Endocarditis
Meningitis
Septic arthritis
DOC for mild pneumonia
Amoxicillin
DOC for enterococcal infections
Ampi
Genta
Main virulence factor of S pneumoniae
Polysaccharide capsule
Non motile Non lactose fermenter No gas from dextrose No H2S production G - Rod Invasive GI disease
Shigella
Swarming motility
Urease +
etiologic agent of UTI causing alkaline urine
Proteus
Iridescent metallic sheen on EMB
Spot indole +
MUG +
Frequent cause of UTI
E coli
Pinkish mucoid colonies Non motile Citrate + Lysine decarboxylase + cause of pneumonia
Kliebsiella pneumoniae
MCC UTI overall
E coli
E coli subtype that causes diarrhea in infants esp in nurseries and day care centers
E-P-EC
E coli subtype that causes traveller’s diarrhea
E-T-EC
E coli subtype causing HUS, hemorrhagic colitis
E-H-EC
Shiga toxin producing E coli
Virulence factor associated with strains if E coli causing meningitis
K-1 antigen
DOC for bacillary dysentery/shigella
Ciprofloxacin
MC manifestation of salmonella infections
Enterocolitis
Gold standard for Dx of typhoid fever
BM culture
Hemorrhagic necrosis of the skin often caused by P aeruginosa sepsis
Ecthyma gangrenosum
Sudden onset of n/v and rice watery voluminous diarrhea
Cholera
Antibiotic given to reduce stool output and shedding of Vibrios
Tetracycline or
Doxycycline
Following infection of this organism, there is an associated incidence ofGuillain Barre syndrome and Reiter’s Syndrome
Campylobacter jejuni
Preferred tx regimen for H pylori
Omeprazole
Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin
Term used to describe the fact that H influenze does NOT grow on sheep blood agar except around colonies of S aureus
Satellite phenomenon
Factors needed for H influenze
Factor X (hemin) Factor V (NAD)
Specific capsular structure of H influenzae
Poly-ribitol Ribose Phosphate
Major virulence factor of H influenzae
Capsule
Causative agent of epiglottitis
H influenzae
Etiologic agent of soft chancre of chancroid with ragged ulcer with marked swelling and tenderness of LN
H ducreyi
Toxins with APD ribosylating activities increasing cAMP activity
Pertussis
Cholera toxins
DOC for bordetella pertussis
Erythromycin
Vaginal discharge
Smear shows intracellular G - diplococci and PMNs
N gonorrhea
Neisseria spp utilizing both glucose and maltose
N meningitidis
Toxicity of gonococcal infections are largely attributed to the endotoxic effect of this cell wall component
LOS
Lipo-oligo-saccharide
Young adult with high risk sexual activity Severe infection Fever Abdominal pain Hemorrhagic papules and pustules Septic arthritis
Disseminated gonococcal infection
Infection prevented by instituion of Crede’s Prophylaxis
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Agent used in Crede’s prophylaxis
Silver nitrate
DOC gonorrhea
IM ceftriaxone
Oral cefixime
Given concomitantly with tx of gonorrhea to cover for chlamydia
Azithromycin
Portal of entry and site of colonization for N meningitidis
Nasophyarnx
MC complication of meningococcemia
Meningitis
DOC for meningococcal disease
Pen G
MC isolated rapidly growing mycobacteria from pulmonary, skin and soft tissue infections
Mycobacterium abscessus
Virulence factor of mycobacteria inhibiting migration of leukocytes and causing chronic granulomas
Cord factor
Virulence factor of mycobacteria that prevents phagolysosome fusion
Sulfatide
Tuberculosis usually found in the apical segments of the lung
Reactivation or secondary TB
Dx test used to detect latent TB in patients with equivocal TST
IGRA interferon gamma release assay
Mycobacterium classification that produces pigment in light and NOT dark conditions
Photochromogen
MDR resistance of TB referes to resistance to which drugs
INH
Rifampicin
XDR resistance of TB refers to
INH Rifampicin Quinolone 1 of 3 injectable - Amikacin - Capreomycin - Kanamycin
MC extracellular form of TB infection
TB lymphadenitis
Photochromogen almost indistinguishable in presentation from TB
M kansasii
Mycobacterium other than TB involved in opportunistic infections of the lung in patients with AIDS
MAC
Mycobacterium causing skin nodules, neuritis, paresthesias, madarosis, disfigurement
M leprae
Dse with painLESS genital ulcer with clear hard base
Syphilis
Stage of syphilis with condylomata lata
Secondary syphilis
Refers to granulomatous lesion in the skin, bones and liver in tertiary syphilis
Gumma
All of the ff symptoms/signs are manifestations of congenital syphilis EXCEPT
- Interstitial keratitis
- Hutchinson’s teeth
- Saddle nose
- Saber shins
- PDA
PDA
Non-treponemal tests used for screening for syphilis EXCEPT
- RPR
- USR
- VDRL
- Trust
- TP-PA
TP-PA
All of the specific treponemal tests EXCEPT
- TP PA
- TP HA
- MHA-TP
- FTA- ABS
- None of the above
None
DOC syphilis
Penicillin
Fever
Tachycardia
Flu like SSx
after initiating treatment for syphilis
Jarisch Herxheimer Reaction
Jaundice Fever Conjunctival suffusion Calf pain Renal failure After exposure to organisms through breaks in the skin
Leptospirosis
DOC for leptospirosis
Penicillin
Refers to the environmentally stable infective particle of chlamydia
Elementary body
MCC of non-gonococcal urethritis
Chlamydia
Eary childhood onset of lacrimation, mucupurulent eye discharge, hyperemia, pannus and entropion formation
Trachoma
DxOC for chlamydia
NAAT
STI with suppurative inguinal adenitis in chlamydial infection
Lympho-granuloa venereum
What is the trigger for DIC
- Hageman factor
- Factor 5
- Factor 7
- Gram - sepsis
G - sepsis
All are obligate aerobic bacteria except
- Nocardia
- Pseudomonas
- Mycobacterium TB
- Actinomyces
Actinomyces
Causes of native valve endocarditis, esp in IV drug users
S aureus
Causative agent implicated in bacterial vaginosis
Gardernella vaginalis
MCC of meningitis overall
S pneumoniae
MCC nosocomial UTI
E coli
MCC neonatal meningitis
Group B streptococci
Chlamydia prophylaxis given in pregnany mothers to prevent pneumonia newborns
Azithromycin
Amoxicillin
Fulminant menigococcemia leading to hemorrage of adrenal grands
Waterhouse Friederichsen syndrome
CSF increased Protein 77 Normal glucose 100 WBC w/neutrophil prodominance Culture - Gram stain -
Aseptic meningitis
Duration of treatment for extra-pulmonary TB
6 months
CNS 9-12 months
DOC leptospirosis prophylaxis
Doxycycline
DOC H influenzae meningitis
Ceftriaxone
Special lipids in the mycobacterial cell wall responsivle for acid fastness
Mycolitic acid
aka Gram negative ENDO-toxin
Lipo-poly-saccharide
LPS
Bacteria w/no cell wall where penicillins are ineffective
Mycoplasma
All of the ff organisms do NOT stain well w/gram stain EXCEPT
- Trponema
- Mycoplasma
- Legionella
- Dickettsia
- Chlamydia
- Haemophilus
Haemophilus stains well on GS
All are Catalase + EXCEPT
- Pseudomonas
- S aueres
- Listeria
- Aspergillus
- Candida
- Serratia
- E coli
- Streptococci
Streptococci
Virulence factor of S aureus that prevents opsonization
Protein A
Organisms the secrete IgA protease
S pneumo
HiB
Neisseriae
Organisms that secretes ALPHA toxin acting as lecithinase degrading tissue and cell membranes
C perfringens
Only gram + organism that produces LPS
Listeria
Oxidase +
Comma shaped
Grow in 42 C
Diarrhea
Campylobacter jejuni
Causes lobar pneumonia among alcoholics with currant jelly sputum
Kliebsiella pneumonia
Severe form of Leptospirosis with liver and kidney failure, pulmonary hemorrhage
Weil’s disease
All of the ff organisms cause STI EXCEPT
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Treponema pallidum
- H ducreyi
Bacterial vaginosis is NOT sexually transmitted
Convential infection triad
- Chorioretinitis
- Hydrocephalus
- Intra cranial calcifications
Toxoplasmosis
Congenital infection causing PDA, cataract, deafness, and blueberry muffin rash
Rubella aka GERMAN 3 day measles
if w/seizures + petechial rash, consider CMV
Congenital infection causing hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, blueberry muffin rash
CMV
if w/o seizures, consider Rubella/German 3 day measles
All are live attenuated vaccines EXCEPT
- Smallpox
- Yellow fever
- Chicken pox
- Sabin polio
- MMR
- Intranasal influenza
- Hep B
Hep B
All RNA viruses are SINGLE stranded except
Reo-viridae
All of the ff are POSITIVE ss RNA viruses EXCEPT
- Retro
- Toga
- Flavi
- Corona
- Hep E
- Calici
- Picorna
- Orthomyxo
Orthomyxo
All of the ff are DNA viruses EXCEPT
- Hepadna
- Herpes
- Filoviridae
- Pox
- Papilloma
- Polyoma
- Adenovirus
Filo-viridae
All DNA viruses are DOUBLE stranded EXCEPT
Parvo-virus
All negative sense RNA viruses are enveloped + helical EXCEPT
Corona-virus
- Positive sense
- Helical
- Enveloped
All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus EXCEPT
Pox
All RNA viruses replicated in the cytoplasm EXCEPT
Influenza
Retro
All DNA viruses are icosahedral EXCEPT
Pox
All DNA viruses are enveloped EXCEPT
Picorna
Calici
Reo
Hepe
Which of the ff is a negative sense RNA enveloped helical virus
- Herpes
- Rhabdo
- Caliciviridae
- Papilloma
Rhabdo
Causes 5th disease aka
Erythema infectiosum w slapped cheeks appearance
Parvo B19
Causes
- Pharyngoconjunctival fever,
- Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
- Hemorrhagic cystitis
Adeno virus
Agent for Roseola infantum aka exanthem subitum
HHV 6
Contains reverse transcriptase
NOT a retrovirus
Heb B virus
Progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy in AIDS patients is probably d/t
JC virus
Heterophile monospot negative
Infectious mononucleosis retinitis
Owl’s eye inclusions
aka HHV 5
CMV
Infectious mononucleosis
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
HHV 4
EBV
Smear or test of skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells in HERPES
Tzanck smear
Reoviridae virus w/ double stranded RNA virus
Major causative agent of infectious diarrhea in children
Rota-virus
ff are members of Picornaviridae family
- Polio
- Echo
- Rhino
- Cocksackie
- Hep A
- Hep E
Hep E
Members of paramyxoviridae
- Rubella
- Parainfluenza
- Mumps
- RSV
- Roseola
Rubella
Causes Croup or Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis among children
Parainfluenza virus
MCC common cold
Acid labile viruses
Rhinovirus
All are segmented viruses EXCEPT
- Adenovirus
- Bunyavirus
- Orthovirus
- arena
- Reo
Adeno
Component of influenza virus promoting viral entry
Hemagluttinin
Component of influenza virus involved with progeny viral release
Neuraminidase
Fever, post auricular lymphadenopathy, arthralgias,
Fine maculopapular rash
- Face –> trunk –> extremities
Rubella
Cough Conjunctivitis Runny nose Maculopapular rash (diffuse) Koplik's spots
Rubeola
aka MEASLES
Parotitis
Orchitis
Aseptic meningitis
Mumps
Only Hep B serological marker POSITIVE during window period
IgM Anti HBC
Hep B antigen indicating HIGH replicative activity and risk for transmission
HBe antigen
HIV protein for attachment to CD4 lymphocytes
Gp 120
HIV protein for fusion and entry into cells
GP 41
Used to monitor the effect of anti-retroviral therapy and associated with poorer prognosis if elevated in HIV/AIDS
HIV PCR viral load
CD4 count level which PCP prophylaxis should be initiated in AIDS
CD4
Opportunistic dse to watch out for specifically as the CD4 count goes down to less than 50 in AIDS
MAC
CMV
Cryptococcus neoformans
Virus implicated in viral myocarditis
Cocksachie B virus
Plant pathogens or blotches in fruits consisting of RNA which do NOT cause human dse
Viroids
Viral Hemorrhagic fever is cause by (3)
Ebola
Marburg
Dengue
Hepatitis implicated to cause
- Hepatocellular Ca,
- Cirrhosis and
- Chronic carrier state
Heb B
Transplacental transmission EXCEPT
- Rubella
- CMV
- HSV
- VZV
- Toxoplasma
Toxoplasma
Contraindicated vaccines for pregnant pts
- Hep B
- Tetanus
- MMR
- Influenza
MMR
All systemic mycoses are caused by Di-morphic fungi EXCEPT
Coccidioidomyosis
Systemic fungal infection causing
- Inflammatory lung dse
- with skin and bone involvement,
- broad based budding under microscopy
Blastomycosis
Systemic mycosis with Captain’s/Mariner’s Wheel
Paracoccidioido mycosis
Causative agent of Tinea versicolor with spaghetti and meatballs presentation microscopically
Malasszia furfur
Soap bubble lesions in the brain,
Meningitis in HIB,
India ink +
Crytococcal meningitis
Infection of the hair with this species causes a greenish fluorescence under wood’s light
Microsporum (ECTO-thrix)
MC severe complication of measles
Secondary pneumonia
MC complication of measles
Otitis media
Long term complication of measles caused by measles reactivation in the CNS, leading to demylination and myoclonic seizures
SSPE
Hepatitis viruses transmitted via the fecal oral route
Hep A
Hep E
Most important cause of epidemic viral gastroenteritis in ADULTS
Noro-virus
Norwalk virus
Leading cause of viral encephalitis in ASIA
Japanese B encephalitis
