Micro KL Flashcards by Chris Caangay

Pneumocystis carinii is what kind of organism?

Fungi

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DOC Giardiasis

Metronidazole

alt Quinacrine

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DOC: Cryptosporidium

Nitazoxanide

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DOC: Cyclospora

TMP SMX

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DOC: Trichomoniasis

Metronidazole

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DOC:
Hemolytic stage of Trypanosoma rhodiense
&
Late CNS stage

Suramin

Melarsoprol

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DOC: Trypanosoma gambiense
Hemolytic and
Late CNS stage

Pentamidine

Eflornithine

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DOC: Chargas

Benzimidazole

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DOC: Leishmaniasis

Stibogluconate

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DOC: Naegleria & Acanthamoeba

Amphotericin B

IV + Intrathecal

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DOC: P vivax & ovale hypnozoites

Primaquine

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DOC: P vivax & ovale in areas of LESS resistance

Chloroquine

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Re-emergence of symptoms in malaria previously treated d/t REACTIVATION of hepatic hypnozoites

Relapse

V/O

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Re-emergence of malaria symptoms in patients previously asymptomatic d/t decreased immune response with no prior treatment

Re-crudescence

F/M

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DOC: P falciparum

Artemether

lumefantrine

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DOC: Toxoplasma

Sulfadiazine +

Pyrimethamine

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Only common protozoan pathogen found in the duodenum and jejunum of humans causing diarrhea

G lamblia

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After ingestion of contaminated food or water, patient had watery greasy bulky, foul-smelling stool. probably d/t

Giardiasis

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Lateral spread or invasion of amoebae in the intestine produces this characteristic histological finding

Flask shaped lesions

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MC extra-intestinal amebic infection

Amebic liver abscess

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Description of amebic liver abscess after drainage

Anchoby paste

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MC misdiagnosed non-pathogenic amebic species

Entamoeba dispar

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MC source of spread of amebic infections

Asymptomatic cyst passers

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DOC for Asymptomatic amebic cyst passers

Diloxanide furoate

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Unilateral swelling of the eyelids in Chagas disease

Romana's sign

MC serious condition or complication in Chagas disease

Interstitial myocarditis

Children swimming in ponds develop progressive headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, n/v, disorientation. Causative agent:

Naegleria fowleri

Organism implicated in CNS infections d/t contaminated contact lens washing solution

Acanthamoeba

Infective stage of plasmodium transmitted from bite of anopheles mosquito

Sporozoites

Merozoites are released every 72 hours from lysed RBCs in this particular plasmodium species

P malariae

COarse stippling found in blood smears in patients with falciparum malaria

Maurer's clefts/dots

Plasmodium species involved when only ring forms and gametocytes are found in the peripheral blood smear

Falciparum

Plasmodium that parimarily invades OLDER RBCs

P malariae

Form or variant of malaria with predominant GI manifestations like vomiting and bloody diarrhea

Algid malaria

Species implicated in cerebral malaria d/t cyto-adherence

Falciparum

Species of plasmodium associated with nephrotic syndrome in children

P malariae

Term used to describe severe falciparum malaria with RBC hemolysis causing ATN giving bloody dark urine

Blackwater fever

``` All forms of malaria can be transmitted via these routes except: A. Transplacental B. Blood transfusion C. Needle stick D. Sexually ```

Sexually

Most helminths do NOT multiply asexually in humans except

E granulosus

Only intracellular helminth causing infection in humans

Trichinella inside muscle (nurse cell)

Parasite implicated in nocturnal perianal pruritis

Enterobius vermicularis

Method of Dx for nocturnal perianal prutitus (E vermicularis)

Scotch tape test

DOC for pinworm infection

Pyrantel pamoate | alt mebendazole

DOC for trichuriasis/whip worm

Mebendazole | alt albendazole

DOC for ascariasis

Mebendazole or albendazole

DOC for hookworm infection

Mebendazole or albendazole

DOC for strongyloides

Ivermectin | alt albendazole

DOC: trichinella

Albendazole

DOC: for cestodes infections

Praziquantel

DOC: Filariasis

Di-ethyl-carbamazine dec

DOC: Onchocerca

Ivermectin

DOC: Dracunculus medinensis

Physical manual extraction via stick/surgical

DOC: Fasciola hepatic

Triclabendazole/bithionol

DOC: Flukes

Praziquantel

DOC: Hydatid disease

Albendazole/surgical

Neuro-cysticercosis is caused by ingestion of what infective stage of Taenia solium

Eggs

Syndrome from larvael migration causing cough, eosinophilia, pulmonary infiltrates

Loeffler's syndrome

Intesnse erythema pruritus after hookworm penetration on the skin

Ground itch

Parasite capable of producing hyperinfection, re-infection, auto-infection, where females are parthenogenic

Strongyloides

Cestode infection associated with B12 deficiency

D latum

Infective stage of D latum to man

Plero-cercoids

Term to characterized the predominant presence of micro-filariae at night in blood of patients

Nocturnal periodicity

Second intermediate host of fasciola hepatica

Water cress

2nd intermediate host of schistosoma

NONE | hahahhaha GOT YOU !

Prodrome symptoms of of headache, fever, chills, diarrhea, eosinophilia AFTER schistosoma infection

Katayama fever

Schistosoma spp whose egg contains a lateral spine

S mansoni

Itchy rash shortly after schistosomal cercariae penetrate into the skin

Swimmers' itch

Predominant cause of pathology in schistosomiasis

Entrapment of eggs in organs and vascular system

What is the FINAL host of Echino-coccus granulosus

Dogs

Schistosoma prevalent in areas in the Philippines EXCEPT - Mindoro - Sorsogon - Leyte - Mindanao - Ilocos

Ilocos

Protozoan notorius for causing sexually transmitted infections associated with yellowish, copious, foul-smelling discharge

Trichomonas vaginalis

Schistosoma spp that live in mesenteric veins

S mansoni and japonicum

De-worming was done by giving mebendazole in a barangay. Which of the ff helminths will NOT be covered? - Trichuris - Ascaris - Hookworms - Trichinella - E vermicularis

Trichinella

Parasite with golden barrel shaped eggs with bipolar plugs

Trichuris

Congential protozoal infection causing IURG

Toxoplasmosis

DxOC in asymptomatic patients with suspected amebic liver abscess

Eia antibody detection

DxOC for differentiating pathogenic and non-pathogenic amoebae adjunct to microscopy

Stool antigen test

Helminth mostly associated with human hookworm infections - Necator - Echino-coccus - Toxocara - Ancylostoma - Uncinaria

Necator

2nd intermediate host of the Oriental Lung fluke

Crabs

String test can be used to diagnose which 2 parasitic infections

Strongyloides and giardiasis

COPT test is used to Dx which of the ff infections - Ameba - Giardiasis - Strongyloides - Schistosoma

- Schistosoma

Filariasis causes swelling in what areas on women

Legs Breasts Arms

A person with Asx infection that can be transmitted to another person

Carrier

Ability of an infectious agent to cause disease

Pathogenicity

Quantitative ability of an agent to cause disease even in small numbers

Virulence

Unique capsule of Bacillus anthracis

Poly-D glutamic acid capsule

Infection initially starting as pruritic papule that changes rapidly to a vesicle, ulcerates, leaving a black eschar, also causes mediastinal hemorrhage and sepsis

Anthrax

DOC for anthrax

Ciprofloxacin

Bacteria assocaited with diarrrhea, vomiting after ingestion of re-heated fried rice, contaminated meat/sauces

Bacillus cerus

All of the ff conditions are caused by clostridia EXCEPT - Botulism - Tetanus - Gas gangene - Pseudomembranous colitis - Necrotizing fasciitis

Necrotizing fasciitis

Toxin that cleaves SNARE proteins such as snap 2, syntaxin and synaptobrevin

Botulinum toxin

After ingestion of canned goods, sudden onset of dysphagia, speech difficulty, muscle incoordination

Botulism

What toxin cleaves synaptobrevin inhibiting inhibitory neuron release or firing

Tetanus toxin

Most important aspect in the treatment of C perfringens myonecrosis or infection

Surgical debridement

All of the ff describe Clostridium spp EXCEPT - Gram + cocci - Anaerobic - Ferments carbohydrates and digest proteins - Terminal endospores

Gram + Bacilli

Bacterium with deeply staining meachromatic granules giving a beaded appearance

C diphtheriae

Exo-toxing that can inhibit EF-2 by ADP ribosylation is produced by which 2 organisms

Pseudomonas | C diphtheriae

Bullneck, grayish pseudomembrane, myocarditis, ATN, demyelination describe

Diphtheria

Early onset perinatal disseminated listeria infection causing sepsis, pustules and granulomas in multiple organs

Granulomatosis infantiseptic

DOC for Listeria infection

Ampicillin and | Gentamicin

DOC for CNS listeria who is allergic to penicillin

TMP SMX

Catalase + Coagulase + Gram + Cocci producing yellowish colonies

S aureus

Resistance to methicillin by S aureus is mediated by what mechanism

Chromosomal gene causing altered penicillin binding proteins

Toxin of S aureus able to lyse WBC and acts as importance virulence factor

Panton valentine leukocidin

Toxins implicated for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Exfoliative toxins

Prototypcial super antigen

TSST-1

``` Gram + Cocci Novobiocin R Catalase + Coagulase - Etiologic agent of UTI ```

S saprophiticus

Causative agent known to cause prosthetic infections by forming biofilms coagulase - catalase +

S epidermidis

5th generation cephalosporin with coverage for MRSA

Ceftaroline

Drug used to eradicate nasal carrier state of S aureus

Rifampin

MC bacteria implicated in neonatal sepsis

S agalactiae

MC implicated bacteria in dental carries

S mutans

Optochin R strep species implicated in endocarditis esp with previously damaged heart valves

Viridans strep

Bacitacin S PYR+ strep causing significant human dse

S pyogenes

Bacitracin R strep CAMP + Beta hemolytic

S agalactiae

Optochin S, Bile soluble Quellung + Alpha hemolytic

S pneumoniae

Grows in bile and 6.5% NaCl | implicated in bacteremia among colon cancer patients

S bovis

Catalase + Coagulase - Novobiocin S G + cocci

S epidermidis

Catalase - Greenish hue in blood agar Optochin R

Viridans strep

Gram + Branching filaments anaerobic Non-acid fast

Actinomyces

Gram + Branching filaments Aerobic Acid fast

Nocardia

Virulence factor of streptococci which induces antibodies that react with human cardiac sarcolemma implicated in Rheumatic fever

M protein

Also known as spreading factor of streptococci causing breakdown in the ground substance of connective tissues

Hyaluronidase

Superantigen produced by streptococci capable of producing toxic shock syndrome

Pyrogenic exoteoxins a b c

ASO titer cutoff suggestive of recent streptococcal infection

160-200 units

Agent responsible for the hemolytic zones around strep colongies on blood agar

Streptolysin S

All of the ff infections are caused by S pyogenes EXCEPT - Impetigo - Erysipelas - Cellulitis - Necrotizing fasciitis - Scarlet fever - Pharyngitis - None

NONE S pyogenes causes all of those

MC infection caused by group A Beta hemolytic streptococci

Pharyngitis

Stretococcal skin infection/impetigo could lead to this autoimmune complication

Glomerulonephritis

Post streptococcal disease commonly proceeded by a streptococcal URTI

Rheumatic fever

Post streptococcal disease commonly preceeded by a streptococcal URTI

1-4 weeks

Most serious sequelae of S pyogenes infection

Rheumatic fever

Post streptococcal disease NOT associated with cutaneous strep infection

Rheumatic fever

Serologic tests more specific for streptococcal cutaneous infections

Anti-DNAse B and | Anti-hyaluronidase

DOC for S pyogenes infection

Pen G

Most prevalent component of the normal flora of the URT

Viridans strep

Gram + Lancet shaped diplococci in chains with | polysaccharide capsule

S pneumoniae

Bacteremia from S pneumonia causes a triad of these complications

Endocarditis Meningitis Septic arthritis

DOC for mild pneumonia

Amoxicillin

DOC for enterococcal infections

Ampi | Genta

Main virulence factor of S pneumoniae

Polysaccharide capsule

``` Non motile Non lactose fermenter No gas from dextrose No H2S production G - Rod Invasive GI disease ```

Shigella

Swarming motility Urease + etiologic agent of UTI causing alkaline urine

Proteus

Iridescent metallic sheen on EMB Spot indole + MUG + Frequent cause of UTI

E coli

``` Pinkish mucoid colonies Non motile Citrate + Lysine decarboxylase + cause of pneumonia ```

Kliebsiella pneumoniae

MCC UTI overall

E coli

E coli subtype that causes diarrhea in infants esp in nurseries and day care centers

E-P-EC

E coli subtype that causes traveller's diarrhea

E-T-EC

E coli subtype causing HUS, hemorrhagic colitis

E-H-EC | Shiga toxin producing E coli

Virulence factor associated with strains if E coli causing meningitis

K-1 antigen

DOC for bacillary dysentery/shigella

Ciprofloxacin

MC manifestation of salmonella infections

Enterocolitis

Gold standard for Dx of typhoid fever

BM culture

Hemorrhagic necrosis of the skin often caused by P aeruginosa sepsis

Ecthyma gangrenosum

Sudden onset of n/v and rice watery voluminous diarrhea

Cholera

Antibiotic given to reduce stool output and shedding of Vibrios

Tetracycline or | Doxycycline

Following infection of this organism, there is an associated incidence ofGuillain Barre syndrome and Reiter's Syndrome

Campylobacter jejuni

Preferred tx regimen for H pylori

Omeprazole Clarithromycin Amoxicillin

Term used to describe the fact that H influenze does NOT grow on sheep blood agar except around colonies of S aureus

Satellite phenomenon

Factors needed for H influenze

``` Factor X (hemin) Factor V (NAD) ```

Specific capsular structure of H influenzae

Poly-ribitol Ribose Phosphate

Major virulence factor of H influenzae

Capsule

Causative agent of epiglottitis

H influenzae

Etiologic agent of soft chancre of chancroid with ragged ulcer with marked swelling and tenderness of LN

H ducreyi

Toxins with APD ribosylating activities increasing cAMP activity

Pertussis | Cholera toxins

DOC for bordetella pertussis

Erythromycin

Vaginal discharge | Smear shows intracellular G - diplococci and PMNs

N gonorrhea

Neisseria spp utilizing both glucose and maltose

N meningitidis

Toxicity of gonococcal infections are largely attributed to the endotoxic effect of this cell wall component

LOS | Lipo-oligo-saccharide

``` Young adult with high risk sexual activity Severe infection Fever Abdominal pain Hemorrhagic papules and pustules Septic arthritis ```

Disseminated gonococcal infection

Infection prevented by instituion of Crede's Prophylaxis

Ophthalmia neonatorum

Agent used in Crede's prophylaxis

Silver nitrate

DOC gonorrhea

IM ceftriaxone | Oral cefixime

Given concomitantly with tx of gonorrhea to cover for chlamydia

Azithromycin

Portal of entry and site of colonization for N meningitidis

Nasophyarnx

MC complication of meningococcemia

Meningitis

DOC for meningococcal disease

Pen G

MC isolated rapidly growing mycobacteria from pulmonary, skin and soft tissue infections

Mycobacterium abscessus

Virulence factor of mycobacteria inhibiting migration of leukocytes and causing chronic granulomas

Cord factor

Virulence factor of mycobacteria that prevents phagolysosome fusion

Sulfatide

Tuberculosis usually found in the apical segments of the lung

Reactivation or secondary TB

Dx test used to detect latent TB in patients with equivocal TST

IGRA interferon gamma release assay

Mycobacterium classification that produces pigment in light and NOT dark conditions

Photochromogen

MDR resistance of TB referes to resistance to which drugs

INH | Rifampicin

XDR resistance of TB refers to

``` INH Rifampicin Quinolone 1 of 3 injectable - Amikacin - Capreomycin - Kanamycin ```

MC extracellular form of TB infection

TB lymphadenitis

Photochromogen almost indistinguishable in presentation from TB

M kansasii

Mycobacterium other than TB involved in opportunistic infections of the lung in patients with AIDS

MAC

Mycobacterium causing skin nodules, neuritis, paresthesias, madarosis, disfigurement

M leprae

Dse with painLESS genital ulcer with clear hard base

Syphilis

Stage of syphilis with condylomata lata

Secondary syphilis

Refers to granulomatous lesion in the skin, bones and liver in tertiary syphilis

Gumma

All of the ff symptoms/signs are manifestations of congenital syphilis EXCEPT - Interstitial keratitis - Hutchinson's teeth - Saddle nose - Saber shins - PDA

PDA

Non-treponemal tests used for screening for syphilis EXCEPT - RPR - USR - VDRL - Trust - TP-PA

TP-PA

All of the specific treponemal tests EXCEPT - TP PA - TP HA - MHA-TP - FTA- ABS - None of the above

None

DOC syphilis

Penicillin

Fever Tachycardia Flu like SSx after initiating treatment for syphilis

Jarisch Herxheimer Reaction

``` Jaundice Fever Conjunctival suffusion Calf pain Renal failure After exposure to organisms through breaks in the skin ```

Leptospirosis

DOC for leptospirosis

Penicillin

Refers to the environmentally stable infective particle of chlamydia

Elementary body

MCC of non-gonococcal urethritis

Chlamydia

Eary childhood onset of lacrimation, mucupurulent eye discharge, hyperemia, pannus and entropion formation

Trachoma

DxOC for chlamydia

NAAT

STI with suppurative inguinal adenitis in chlamydial infection

Lympho-granuloa venereum

What is the trigger for DIC - Hageman factor - Factor 5 - Factor 7 - Gram - sepsis

G - sepsis

All are obligate aerobic bacteria except - Nocardia - Pseudomonas - Mycobacterium TB - Actinomyces

Actinomyces

Causes of native valve endocarditis, esp in IV drug users

S aureus

Causative agent implicated in bacterial vaginosis

Gardernella vaginalis

MCC of meningitis overall

S pneumoniae

MCC nosocomial UTI

E coli

MCC neonatal meningitis

Group B streptococci

Chlamydia prophylaxis given in pregnany mothers to prevent pneumonia newborns

Azithromycin | Amoxicillin

Fulminant menigococcemia leading to hemorrage of adrenal grands

Waterhouse Friederichsen syndrome

``` CSF increased Protein 77 Normal glucose 100 WBC w/neutrophil prodominance Culture - Gram stain - ```

Aseptic meningitis

Duration of treatment for extra-pulmonary TB

6 months CNS 9-12 months

DOC leptospirosis prophylaxis

Doxycycline

DOC H influenzae meningitis

Ceftriaxone

Special lipids in the mycobacterial cell wall responsivle for acid fastness

Mycolitic acid

aka Gram negative ENDO-toxin

Lipo-poly-saccharide | LPS

Bacteria w/no cell wall where penicillins are ineffective

Mycoplasma

All of the ff organisms do NOT stain well w/gram stain EXCEPT - Trponema - Mycoplasma - Legionella - Dickettsia - Chlamydia - Haemophilus

Haemophilus stains well on GS

All are Catalase + EXCEPT - Pseudomonas - S aueres - Listeria - Aspergillus - Candida - Serratia - E coli - Streptococci

Streptococci

Virulence factor of S aureus that prevents opsonization

Protein A

Organisms the secrete IgA protease

S pneumo HiB Neisseriae

Organisms that secretes ALPHA toxin acting as lecithinase degrading tissue and cell membranes

C perfringens

Only gram + organism that produces LPS

Listeria

Oxidase + Comma shaped Grow in 42 C Diarrhea

Campylobacter jejuni

Causes lobar pneumonia among alcoholics with currant jelly sputum

Kliebsiella pneumonia

Severe form of Leptospirosis with liver and kidney failure, pulmonary hemorrhage

Weil's disease

All of the ff organisms cause STI EXCEPT - Gardnerella vaginalis - Trichomonas vaginalis - Treponema pallidum - H ducreyi

Bacterial vaginosis is NOT sexually transmitted

Convential infection triad - Chorioretinitis - Hydrocephalus - Intra cranial calcifications

Toxoplasmosis

Congenital infection causing PDA, cataract, deafness, and blueberry muffin rash

Rubella aka GERMAN 3 day measles if w/seizures + petechial rash, consider CMV

Congenital infection causing hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, blueberry muffin rash

CMV if w/o seizures, consider Rubella/German 3 day measles

All are live attenuated vaccines EXCEPT - Smallpox - Yellow fever - Chicken pox - Sabin polio - MMR - Intranasal influenza - Hep B

Hep B

All RNA viruses are SINGLE stranded except

Reo-viridae

All of the ff are POSITIVE ss RNA viruses EXCEPT - Retro - Toga - Flavi - Corona - Hep E - Calici - Picorna - Orthomyxo

Orthomyxo

All of the ff are DNA viruses EXCEPT - Hepadna - Herpes - Filoviridae - Pox - Papilloma - Polyoma - Adenovirus

Filo-viridae

All DNA viruses are DOUBLE stranded EXCEPT

Parvo-virus

All negative sense RNA viruses are enveloped + helical EXCEPT

Corona-virus - Positive sense - Helical - Enveloped

All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus EXCEPT

Pox

All RNA viruses replicated in the cytoplasm EXCEPT

Influenza | Retro

All DNA viruses are icosahedral EXCEPT

Pox

All DNA viruses are enveloped EXCEPT

Picorna Calici Reo Hepe

Which of the ff is a negative sense RNA enveloped helical virus - Herpes - Rhabdo - Caliciviridae - Papilloma

Rhabdo

Causes 5th disease aka | Erythema infectiosum w slapped cheeks appearance

Parvo B19

Causes - Pharyngoconjunctival fever, - Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis - Hemorrhagic cystitis

Adeno virus

Agent for Roseola infantum aka exanthem subitum

HHV 6

Contains reverse transcriptase | NOT a retrovirus

Heb B virus

Progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy in AIDS patients is probably d/t

JC virus

Heterophile monospot negative Infectious mononucleosis retinitis Owl's eye inclusions aka HHV 5

CMV

Infectious mononucleosis Burkitt's Lymphoma Hodgkin's lymphoma HHV 4

EBV

Smear or test of skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells in HERPES

Tzanck smear

Reoviridae virus w/ double stranded RNA virus | Major causative agent of infectious diarrhea in children

Rota-virus

ff are members of Picornaviridae family - Polio - Echo - Rhino - Cocksackie - Hep A - Hep E

Hep E

Members of paramyxoviridae - Rubella - Parainfluenza - Mumps - RSV - Roseola

Rubella

Causes Croup or Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis among children

Parainfluenza virus

MCC common cold | Acid labile viruses

Rhinovirus

All are segmented viruses EXCEPT - Adenovirus - Bunyavirus - Orthovirus - arena - Reo

Adeno

Component of influenza virus promoting viral entry

Hemagluttinin

Component of influenza virus involved with progeny viral release

Neuraminidase

Fever, post auricular lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, Fine maculopapular rash - Face --> trunk --> extremities

Rubella

``` Cough Conjunctivitis Runny nose Maculopapular rash (diffuse) Koplik's spots ```

Rubeola | aka MEASLES

Parotitis Orchitis Aseptic meningitis

Mumps

Only Hep B serological marker POSITIVE during window period

IgM Anti HBC

Hep B antigen indicating HIGH replicative activity and risk for transmission

HBe antigen

HIV protein for attachment to CD4 lymphocytes

Gp 120

HIV protein for fusion and entry into cells

GP 41

Used to monitor the effect of anti-retroviral therapy and associated with poorer prognosis if elevated in HIV/AIDS

HIV PCR viral load

CD4 count level which PCP prophylaxis should be initiated in AIDS

CD4

Opportunistic dse to watch out for specifically as the CD4 count goes down to less than 50 in AIDS

MAC CMV Cryptococcus neoformans

Virus implicated in viral myocarditis

Cocksachie B virus

Plant pathogens or blotches in fruits consisting of RNA which do NOT cause human dse

Viroids

Viral Hemorrhagic fever is cause by (3)

Ebola Marburg Dengue

Hepatitis implicated to cause - Hepatocellular Ca, - Cirrhosis and - Chronic carrier state

Heb B

Transplacental transmission EXCEPT - Rubella - CMV - HSV - VZV - Toxoplasma

Toxoplasma

Contraindicated vaccines for pregnant pts - Hep B - Tetanus - MMR - Influenza

MMR

All systemic mycoses are caused by Di-morphic fungi EXCEPT

Coccidioidomyosis

Systemic fungal infection causing - Inflammatory lung dse - with skin and bone involvement, - broad based budding under microscopy

Blastomycosis

Systemic mycosis with Captain's/Mariner's Wheel

Paracoccidioido mycosis

Causative agent of Tinea versicolor with spaghetti and meatballs presentation microscopically

Malasszia furfur

Soap bubble lesions in the brain, Meningitis in HIB, India ink +

Crytococcal meningitis

Infection of the hair with this species causes a greenish fluorescence under wood's light

Microsporum (ECTO-thrix)

MC severe complication of measles

Secondary pneumonia

MC complication of measles

Otitis media

Long term complication of measles caused by measles reactivation in the CNS, leading to demylination and myoclonic seizures

SSPE

Hepatitis viruses transmitted via the fecal oral route

Hep A | Hep E

Most important cause of epidemic viral gastroenteritis in ADULTS

Noro-virus | Norwalk virus

Leading cause of viral encephalitis in ASIA

Japanese B encephalitis