Micro Forensics Test

Question 1

Examples of non infectious disease

Answer 1

Cancer, diabetes, immune system diseases

Question 2

Epidemic of Athens of 430 B.C.

Answer 2

-Originated in Ethiopia
-Incurable
-Not water-borne
-Symptoms: Headache, inflamed eyes, mouth bleeding, and infected lungs

Question 3

When did the majority of deadliest human pathogens arise?

Answer 3

Around 10,000 years ago.

Question 4

What does zoonotic mean?

Answer 4

Arise from animals

Question 5

Why did pathogens not spread around to early humans?

Answer 5

Because humans lived far apart, the pathogen would either kill or all members became immune.

Question 6

Fitness

Answer 6

The reproductive contribution of an individual to the next generation.

Question 7

Biocrime

Answer 7

A crime committed with a biological weapon.

Question 8

Biosecurity

Answer 8

Set of preventive measures designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious diseases.

Question 9

Public Health

Answer 9

The science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting the health of the population through the organized efforts of informed choice of society

Question 10

Microbio Forensics

Answer 10

Application of science to identify the source of a natural or intentional disease outbreak or intoxication.

Question 11

Diseases diagnostics

Answer 11

Usually just involves class evidence

Question 12

Microbial Forensics

Answer 12

Individual evidence

Question 13

Chain of Custody

Answer 13

Maintaining the continuity of possession of evidence

Question 14

Detection

Answer 14

-Culture-dependent methods: culture the virus and or bacteria
-Culture-independent methods: Electron microscopy, DNA sequencing, antibody testing.

Question 15

What is needed for identification

Answer 15

1. Database
2. Precise analytical method
3. Precise classification system

Question 16

Epidemiology

Answer 16

Identifies transmission chains and source of an outbreak. Can help determine if there was a bioterrorist attack or natural outbreak.

Question 17

What is a profile tool to detect an outbreak early?

Answer 17

Social Media

Question 18

Bionformatics

Answer 18

The application of statistics and computer science to the field of molecular biology.

Question 19

Fort Detrick

Answer 19

U.S. Army Medical Command Installation, houses USAMRIID laboratory

Question 20

1989 Reston Ebola Case

Answer 20

Peter Jahrling was the virologist who received the pathogen sniffed it along with intern Thomas Geisbert.

Question 21

Viruses

Answer 21

Can replicate, but have no metabolism. Consist of Nucleic Acids, Capsid proteins, and lipid envelope.

Question 22

Baltimore Classification

Answer 22

I: dsDNA viruses
II: ssDNA viruses
III: dsRNA viruses
IV: (+)ssRNA viruses
V: (-)ssRNA viruses (flu, Ebola, and MArburg)
VI: ssRNA-RT viruses (HIV virus)

Question 23

Biosafety level 1

Answer 23

Suitable for work for well-characterized agents

Question 24

Biosafety level 2

Answer 24

Used for pathogens that only cause mild disease in humans, difficult to contract via aerosol.

Question 25

Biosafety level 3

Answer 25

Used for working potentially lethal and airborne pathogens for which treatment exists.

Question 26

Biosafety level 4

Answer 26

High risk of aerosol transmission. Can cause fatal diseases in humans in which there is no treatment or vaccine available.

Question 27

Antigen

Answer 27

Any substance which provokes an adaptive immune response

Question 28

Antibody

Answer 28

A large Y-shape protein that binds components of bacteria and viruses and neutralizes

Question 29

Fluorescent-antibody technique (FA)

Answer 29

The antigen is dried on a glass slide, patient's serum is incubated with the antigen on the slide. Fluorescent tag is added on to the antibody that binds to the antigen

Question 30

How does Ebola work?

Answer 30

The primary product of an unedited transcript of the glycoprotein, which yields a smaller non structural glycoprotein that distracts the antibodies

Question 31

Contact tracing

Answer 31

Identification and diagnosis of people who have come in contacted with someone infected

Question 32

Transmission Chains

Answer 32

The order of individuals that a disease infects

Question 33

Vaccine

Answer 33

Either a live or attenuated virus or bacterium that is administered to healthy people before exposure to a pathogen.

Question 34

Ring Vaccination

Answer 34

Creating a ring of vaccinated people around an outbreak, (by identifying people through contact tracing) to stop the spread of disease.

Question 35

ZMAPP

Answer 35

A combination of three chimeric monoclonal antibodies produced in tobacco plants.

Question 36

Variola

Answer 36

Smallpox virus (humans only)

Question 37

Hemagglutinin

Answer 37

Only interacts with sialic acids on the cell surface of hosts or tissues. Fusion of viral membrane with the host endosomal membrane releases virus into the cytoplasm.

Question 38

Antigen drift

Answer 38

Mutations in HA or NA leading to shifts in antibody recognition capability

Question 39

Antigen Shift

Answer 39

Reassortment of virus particles leading to new pandemic strains