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Biochem > Micro Forensics Test > Flashcards

Micro Forensics Test Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of non infectious disease

A

Cancer, diabetes, immune system diseases

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2
Q

Epidemic of Athens of 430 B.C.

A

-Originated in Ethiopia
-Incurable
-Not water-borne
-Symptoms: Headache, inflamed eyes, mouth bleeding, and infected lungs

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3
Q

When did the majority of deadliest human pathogens arise?

A

Around 10,000 years ago.

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4
Q

What does zoonotic mean?

A

Arise from animals

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5
Q

Why did pathogens not spread around to early humans?

A

Because humans lived far apart, the pathogen would either kill or all members became immune.

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6
Q

Fitness

A

The reproductive contribution of an individual to the next generation.

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7
Q

Biocrime

A

A crime committed with a biological weapon.

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8
Q

Biosecurity

A

Set of preventive measures designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious diseases.

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9
Q

Public Health

A

The science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting the health of the population through the organized efforts of informed choice of society

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10
Q

Microbio Forensics

A

Application of science to identify the source of a natural or intentional disease outbreak or intoxication.

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11
Q

Diseases diagnostics

A

Usually just involves class evidence

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12
Q

Microbial Forensics

A

Individual evidence

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13
Q

Chain of Custody

A

Maintaining the continuity of possession of evidence

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14
Q

Detection

A

-Culture-dependent methods: culture the virus and or bacteria
-Culture-independent methods: Electron microscopy, DNA sequencing, antibody testing.

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15
Q

What is needed for identification

A
  1. Database
  2. Precise analytical method
  3. Precise classification system
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16
Q

Epidemiology

A

Identifies transmission chains and source of an outbreak. Can help determine if there was a bioterrorist attack or natural outbreak.

17
Q

What is a profile tool to detect an outbreak early?

A

Social Media

18
Q

Bionformatics

A

The application of statistics and computer science to the field of molecular biology.

19
Q

Fort Detrick

A

U.S. Army Medical Command Installation, houses USAMRIID laboratory

20
Q

1989 Reston Ebola Case

A

Peter Jahrling was the virologist who received the pathogen sniffed it along with intern Thomas Geisbert.

21
Q

Viruses

A

Can replicate, but have no metabolism. Consist of Nucleic Acids, Capsid proteins, and lipid envelope.

22
Q

Baltimore Classification

A

I: dsDNA viruses
II: ssDNA viruses
III: dsRNA viruses
IV: (+)ssRNA viruses
V: (-)ssRNA viruses (flu, Ebola, and MArburg)
VI: ssRNA-RT viruses (HIV virus)

23
Q

Biosafety level 1

A

Suitable for work for well-characterized agents

24
Q

Biosafety level 2

A

Used for pathogens that only cause mild disease in humans, difficult to contract via aerosol.

25
Q

Biosafety level 3

A

Used for working potentially lethal and airborne pathogens for which treatment exists.

26
Q

Biosafety level 4

A

High risk of aerosol transmission. Can cause fatal diseases in humans in which there is no treatment or vaccine available.

27
Q

Antigen

A

Any substance which provokes an adaptive immune response

28
Q

Antibody

A

A large Y-shape protein that binds components of bacteria and viruses and neutralizes

29
Q

Fluorescent-antibody technique (FA)

A

The antigen is dried on a glass slide, patient’s serum is incubated with the antigen on the slide. Fluorescent tag is added on to the antibody that binds to the antigen

30
Q

How does Ebola work?

A

The primary product of an unedited transcript of the glycoprotein, which yields a smaller non structural glycoprotein that distracts the antibodies

31
Q

Contact tracing

A

Identification and diagnosis of people who have come in contacted with someone infected

32
Q

Transmission Chains

A

The order of individuals that a disease infects

33
Q

Vaccine

A

Either a live or attenuated virus or bacterium that is administered to healthy people before exposure to a pathogen.

34
Q

Ring Vaccination

A

Creating a ring of vaccinated people around an outbreak, (by identifying people through contact tracing) to stop the spread of disease.

35
Q

ZMAPP

A

A combination of three chimeric monoclonal antibodies produced in tobacco plants.

36
Q

Variola

A

Smallpox virus (humans only)

37
Q

Hemagglutinin

A

Only interacts with sialic acids on the cell surface of hosts or tissues. Fusion of viral membrane with the host endosomal membrane releases virus into the cytoplasm.

38
Q

Antigen drift

A

Mutations in HA or NA leading to shifts in antibody recognition capability

39
Q

Antigen Shift

A

Reassortment of virus particles leading to new pandemic strains

Biochem (8 decks)

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