Chapter 29

Question 1

mRNA

Answer 1

RNA that is involved in the directly involved in the synthesis of proteins

Question 2

3 Major Classes of RNA

Answer 2

1. mRNA
2. rRNA
3. tRNA

Question 3

1st step of gene expression

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 4

Housekeeping Genes

Answer 4

Genes that are always expressed for basic cellular functions

Question 5

Promoter

Answer 5

Start sequence that RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription

Question 6

RNA polymerases eukaryotes

Answer 6

1. RNA pol I -> rRNA
2. RNA pol II -> mRNA + miRNA
3. RNA pol III -> tRNA

Question 7

RNA polymerase synthesizes in what direction?

Answer 7

5’ - 3’

Question 8

Operon

Answer 8

Several protein producing genes that are linked together and controlled by one promoter

Question 9

Two types of regulation of transcription in prokaryotes

Answer 9

1. Positive control
2. Negative control

Question 10

Structural genes

Answer 10

Genes that encode for proteins

Question 11

Lac Operon

Answer 11

Used to create proteins that can break down lactose (catabolism).

Question 12

Where does RNA polymerase bind to in gene.

Answer 12

Promoter region, -35 -10 region Pribnow box or TATA box

Question 13

Trp Operon

Answer 13

Used to create enzymes responsible for synthesizing tryptophan (anabolism)

Question 14

Can allolactose induce transcription in the presence of glucose?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

CRP

Answer 15

Protein that binds to the regulatory region to indicate the lack of glucose. When glucose levels decrease cAMP levels increase, cAMP then binds to CRP which attaches to the regulatory region telling the RNA polymerase to bind.

Question 16

Negative control induction

Answer 16

Repressor is bound to DNA, falls off when a co-inducer binds to repressor

Question 17

Negative control repression

Answer 17

Repressor is not bound to DNA, corepressor binds to repressor and the complex binds to DNA

Question 18

Positive control induction

Answer 18

Co-inducer binds to inducer activating it on the DNA

Question 19

Positive control repression

Answer 19

Active inducer falls off DNA when corepressor binds.

Question 20

Attenuation

Answer 20

Ribosome stalls at stop codon making allowing for regions 3 and 4 to bind and terminates transcription. When the ribosome is stopped at the trp codons regions 2 and 3 bond, but this does not inhibit transcription

Question 21

Sigma Factor

Answer 21

Binds to RNA polymerase in E.Coli to stimulate its binding and transcription.