Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbial Genetics deck 1 > Micro Final > Flashcards

Micro Final Flashcards

1
Q

Why won’t using 100% alcohol work

A

requires 5% water due to evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ANTImicrobial drugs–drug that disrupt cytoplasmic membranes of antifungals

A

Azoles
Miconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ANTImicrobial drugs–
what steroid inhibits, keeping the membrane fluid when it’s hot and stable when it’s cold

A

ERGOSTEROL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ANTImicrobial drugs–what drug blocks the binding site for PABA

A

SULFONAMIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ANTImicrobial drugs when PABA is blocks what mechanism is prevented

A

FOLIC ACID SYNTHESIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

antimicrobial drugs that disrupt cytoplasmic membranes

A

ANTIFUNGALS–MICONAZOLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

example of an attachment factor during infection virulence

A

PILI OR fimbriae

adhesions that facilitate attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Invasion of host by a pathogen

A

INFECTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ability of a microbe to cause disease

A

PATHOGENICITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 stages of infectious disease

A

incubation
prodromal
illness
decline
convalescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When a virus enters the body what releases a SIGNAL to tell other cells to protect themselves

A

interferon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

aTTachment inhibitors

A

T20–targets Helper T cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fusion inhibitors (way of entry into cell)

A

RAFI’s enveloped virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mode of transmission of infection that travels 3ft or less

A

DROPLET transmission

travels short distances

exhaling coughing sneezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

anything chemical that will alter your normal physiology

A

DRUGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A destructive enzyme during infection invasion that destroys connective tissues

A

HYALURONIDASE
COLLOGENASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Achieved through secretions ,excretions,and bodily fluids

A

PORTAL OF EXIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is key when it comes to treatment of infections

A

*must be more toxic to pathogen than the host
**the more differences the more targets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why are there so many antibacterial drugs

A

bacteria are PROKS with a CELL WALL –the cell wall is targeted by the drug because humans don’t have this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why are their fewer antifungal and antiprotozoal drugs

A

Because they (fungals/protozoa) are EUKS and are closer in make up to us - will harm us too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

very few antiviral drugs

A

viruses use our cells to replicate- will harm us too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pro: very effective

Con: fewer applications

A

Narrow spectrum-targets FEW pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what pumps drug out before it can act

A

Efflux pumps (E for Exit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What microbe is most susceptible to ALCOHOL

A

ENVELOPED bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what microbe is susceptible to BLEACH
ENDOSPORES
26
What kind of surface can Ethelene Oxide Gas be used on
HEAT SENSATIVE MATERIALS like hospital bed mattress
27
Which is better to achieve STERILIZATION
AUTOCLAVING
28
NK CELLS are the first defense against
TUMORS and VIRUS infected cells
29
Difference between ADAPTIVE and INNATE
ADAPTIVE (2nd line of defense) is more effective and more specific happens more slowly
30
(1st line of defense) Physical factors
SKIN (physical barrier) MUCUS MEMBRANE(inhibits entry) MUCUS (traps microbes) CILLIA (propels microbes up and out of the lungs)
31
2 major ARMS of adaptive immunity (adaptive )
HUMORAL B-cells attack extracellular) *antibody mediated* CELLULAR T-cells (target intracellular)
32
antigen its gigantic produced first in primary response
IgM
33
antigen - secretions and breastmilk
IgA
34
antigen- allergy and parasite
IgE
35
antigen- crosses the placenta- produced first in secondary response!
IgG
36
antigen - B cell receptor stimulates release of IgM and IgG
IgD
37
destruction/removal of ALL microbial life including endospores
STERILIZATION
38
destruction of vegetative pathogens on LIVING tissue
ANTISEPSIS
39
destruction of vegetative pathogens on INANIMATE objects
DISINFECTION
40
inhibits growth of microbes speeds up repair action
FEVER
41
B Cell -antibody mediated immunity targets extracellular pathogen
HUMORAL ARM
42
T Cell receptor CD4 and CD8 targets intracellular pathogens
CELLULAR ARM
43
Anything Antibody Generated
Antigen
44
Helper T Cells (CD4)
TH1- activate macrophages to phagocytes TH2- helper stimulate B cells to secrete more antibody(proliferate)
45
Cytotoxic T Cells
CD8 targets intracellular pathogen inducing apoptosis or to lyse
46
immunity that produces memory (from exposure)
ACTIVE
47
immunity that does not produce memory cells (gotten through breast milk or placenta)
PASSIVE
48
immunity from a chicken pox party
Naturally acquired active immunity
49
receiving a vaccine
Artificially acquired active immunity
50
antibodies causing clumping
agglutination
51
antibodies causing enhanced phagocytosis
opsonization
52
antibodies causing increased actions of eveything
activation of COMPLEMENT
53
antibodies causing blockage of adhesion of bacteria
NEUTRALIZATION
54
IgM first then declines then IgG increases
PRIMARY RESPONSE
55
next time exposed to antigen IgG then IGM (quicker and higher)
SECONDARY RESPONSE
56
The type of immunity we are born with always present nonspecific general fast response
INNATE IMMUNITY
57
immunity that develops more slowly more effective and more specific
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
58
1st line of defense (innate immunity) chemical factors
Lysozyme tears saliva gastric juice
59
Innates 2nd line of defense
Defensive cells PHAGOCYTES (neutrophils and macrophages) NK cells (granzymes)
60
Beta lactams prevents cross bridge formation drug list
peniCILLIN MethiCILLIN cephalosporin
61
Blocks binding of protein synthesis drug list
erythromycin Streptomycin tetracycline
62
Microbial agent damage
cell membranes proteins nucleic acids
63
HHAAPE
protein damage due to microbial agents heat halogen alcohol aldehydes phenolics Ethelyn oxide
64
HHAP
cell damage due to microbial agents Heat Hypertonic solutions alcohol phenolics
65
I am NOT AN ELEPHANT
Nucleic acids damage due to microbial agents Ionizing non ionizing aldehydes ethylene oxide

Microbial Genetics deck 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions