micro exam 1 part 2

Question 1

required in relatively large amounts

Answer 1

macroelements or macronutrients

Question 2

examples of macroelements

Answer 2

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfure, and phosphorus

potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron

Question 3

nutrients required in small amounts

Answer 3

micronutrients or trace elements

Question 4

examples of trace elements

Answer 4

manganese, zinc, colbalt, molybdenum, nickel, and copper

Question 5

organisms that use reduced, performed organic molecules as their carbon sources

Answer 5

heterotrophs

Question 6

molecules sometimes are degraded in the presence of a growth promoting nutrient that is metabolized at the same time

Answer 6

cometabolism

Question 7

organisms that use carbon dioxide as thier sole or principal source of carbon

Answer 7

autotrophs

Question 8

use light as energy source

Answer 8

phototrophs

Question 9

obtain energy from the oxidation of chemical compounds

Answer 9

chemotrophs

Question 10

use reduced inorganic substances as their electron sources

Answer 10

lithotrophs (rockeaters)

Question 11

use light energy and have carbon dioxide as their carbon source, important primary producers

Answer 11

photolithoautotrophs

Question 12

use organic compounds as sources of energy, hydorgen, electrons, and carbon

Answer 12

chemoorganoheterotrophs

Question 13

most bacteria are

Answer 13

photolithotrophic autotrophs

Question 14

needed for the synthesis of amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, some carbs, lipids, enzyme cofacors and others

Answer 14

nitrogen

Question 15

present in nucleic acids, phospholipids, nucleotides such as ATP, several cofactors, some protiens and other cell components

Answer 15

phosphorus

Question 16

use oxygen

Answer 16

aerobe

Question 17

oxygen is poisonous

Answer 17

strict anaerobe

Question 18

could potentially use oxygen but only as a last resort

Answer 18

faculative anaerobes

Question 19

needed for the synthesis of substances such as the amino acids cysteine and methoinine, some carbs, biotin, and thiamine

Answer 19

sulfure

Question 20

organic compounds that cannot be synthesized by an organismbut are essential for its growth

Answer 20

growth factor

Question 21

three major classes of growth factors

Answer 21

amino acids
purines and pyrimidines
vitamins

Question 22

small organic molecules that usually make up all or part of enzyme cofactors

Answer 22

vitamins

Question 23

process by which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.

Answer 23

passive diffusion

Question 24

carrier protiens embedded in the plasma membrane creating channels for substances to pass through

Answer 24

permeases

Question 25

diffusion involving carrier protiens

Answer 25

facilitated diffusion

Question 26

facilitate diffusion of small polar molecules

Answer 26

major intrinsic protien

Question 27

the transport of solute molecules to higher concentrations with the input of metabolic energy

Answer 27

Active transport

Question 28

use energy provided by ATP hyrolysis to move substances against a concentration gradient

Answer 28

primary active transporters

Question 29

couple the potential energy of ion gradients to transport of substances

Answer 29

secondary active transporters

Question 30

important primary active transporters, some are used for import, others for export, consist of two ATP-binding domains and hydrolyze ATP to drive uptake, bind to molecule being transported and then interat with the transporter proteins to move the molecule into the cell

Answer 30

ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters

Question 31

use ion gradients, some of which are created b y microbes during their metabolic processes, are second active transporters

Answer 31

Major facilitator superfamily protiens (MPS protiens)

Question 32

linked support of two substances in the same direction

Answer 32

symport

Question 33

linked transport in which the transported substances move in opposite directions

Answer 33

antiport

Question 34

chemically modifies the molecule as it is brought into the cell

Answer 34

group translocation

Question 35

transports a variety of sugars while phosphorylating them, using phosphoenolpyruvate as the phosphate donar

Answer 35

Phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS)

Question 36

the transfer of phosphate from PEP to the incoming molecule involves several protiens and is an example of

Answer 36

Phosphorelay system

Question 37

low molecular weight organic molecules that bind ferric iron and supply it to the cell

Answer 37

siderophores

Question 38

a relatively simple type of cell division: cell elongates, replicates its chromosome, and spearates teh newly formed DNA molecules so there is one chromosome in each half of the cell

Answer 38

Binary Fission

Question 39

other forms of reproduction strageties

Answer 39

formation of buds multiple fission formation of multinucleoid filaments

Question 40

the complete sequence of events extending from the formation of a new cell through the next division

Answer 40

cell cycle

Question 41

the transport of solute molecules to higher concentrations with the input of metabolic energy

Answer 41

Active transport

Question 42

use energy provided by ATP hyrolysis to move substances against a concentration gradient

Answer 42

primary active transporters

Question 43

couple the potential energy of ion gradients to transport of substances

Answer 43

secondary active transporters

Question 44

important primary active transporters, some are used for import, others for export, consist of two ATP-binding domains and hydrolyze ATP to drive uptake, bind to molecule being transported and then interat with the transporter proteins to move the molecule into the cell

Answer 44

ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters

Question 45

use ion gradients, some of which are created b y microbes during their metabolic processes, are second active transporters

Answer 45

Major facilitator superfamily protiens (MPS protiens)

Question 46

linked support of two substances in the same direction

Answer 46

symport

Question 47

linked transport in which the transported substances move in opposite directions

Answer 47

antiport

Question 48

chemically modifies the molecule as it is brought into the cell

Answer 48

group translocation

Question 49

transports a variety of sugars while phosphorylating them, using phosphoenolpyruvate as the phosphate donar

Answer 49

Phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS)

Question 50

the transfer of phosphate from PEP to the incoming molecule involves several protiens and is an example of

Answer 50

Phosphorelay system

Question 51

low molecular weight organic molecules that bind ferric iron and supply it to the cell

Answer 51

siderophores

Question 52

a relatively simple type of cell division: cell elongates, replicates its chromosome, and spearates teh newly formed DNA molecules so there is one chromosome in each half of the cell

Answer 52

Binary Fission

Question 53

other forms of reproduction strageties

Answer 53

formation of buds multiple fission formation of multinucleoid filaments

Question 54

the complete sequence of events extending from the formation of a new cell through the next division

Answer 54

cell cycle

Question 55

two pathways in the cell cylce

Answer 55

partitioning of the DNA into progeny cells | carrying out cytokinesis

Question 56

the single site at which replication starts

Answer 56

origin of replication

Question 57

where replication is terminated

Answer 57

terminus

Question 58

group of protiens needed for DNA synthesis in bacteria assemble to form

Answer 58

replisome

Question 59

possibly help to guide the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell before division also helps to elongate the cell

Answer 59

MreB cytoskeleton protiens

Question 60

helps with the partitioning in neucleic acid

Answer 60

MinCD cytoskeleton protiens

Question 61

Forms around the midline of the cell, association with formation of septum materials

Answer 61

FtsZ cytoskeleton protiens

Question 62

two pathways in the cell cylce

Answer 62

partitioning of the DNA into progeny cells | carrying out cytokinesis

Question 63

the single site at which replication starts

Answer 63

origin of replication

Question 64

where replication is terminated

Answer 64

terminus

Question 65

group of protiens needed for DNA synthesis in bacteria assemble to form

Answer 65

replisome

Question 66

possibly help to guide the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell before division also helps to elongate the cell

Answer 66

MreB cytoskeleton protiens

Question 67

helps with the partitioning in neucleic acid

Answer 67

MinCD cytoskeleton protiens

Question 68

Forms around the midline of the cell, association with formation of septum materials

Answer 68

FtsZ cytoskeleton protiens

Question 69

two pathways in the cell cylce

Answer 69

partitioning of the DNA into progeny cells | carrying out cytokinesis

Question 70

the single site at which replication starts

Answer 70

origin of replication

Question 71

where replication is terminated

Answer 71

terminus

Question 72

group of protiens needed for DNA synthesis in bacteria assemble to form

Answer 72

replisome

Question 73

possibly help to guide the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell before division also helps to elongate the cell

Answer 73

MreB cytoskeleton protiens

Question 74

helps with the partitioning in neucleic acid

Answer 74

MinCD cytoskeleton protiens

Question 75

Forms around the midline of the cell, association with formation of septum materials

Answer 75

FtsZ cytoskeleton protiens