Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

microbiology > final exam -micro > Flashcards

final exam -micro Flashcards

1
Q

simple viruses are constructed of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, and held within a protein coat

A

nucleocapsid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the protein coat around the outside of the virus

A

capsid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

virions that have an envelope

A

enveloped viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

virons without and envelope

A

nonenveloped or naked viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

shaped like hollow tubes with protein walls

A

helical capsid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the most efficient way to enclose a space in a regular polyhedron capsid

A

icosahedral capsid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

icosahedral capids are constructed from ring or knob shaped units called

A

capsomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

centrifuge at high speed to get ride of the smallest particles, then use a slower speed to get pellet the rest leaving the virus suspended

A

differential centrification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

complete viral particle, one or more molecules of RNA or DNA and protein covered coat called the capsid

A

virion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

four types of capsids

A
  1. icosahedral
  2. helical
  3. enveloped
  4. complex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

viruses have an outer membrane layer called the

A

envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

envelope surface can have spikes called

A

peplomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

indirect method of counting viruses using the ration of viruses to cells in blood

A

hemagglutination assay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

indirect method of counting viruses based on there infectivity and dilutions of viruses are plated with appropriate host cells

A

plaque assay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

some ssRNA viruses have genomes that are identical in base sequence to the mRNA they produce

A

plus strand RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ssRNA viruses that have genomes that are complementary to the mRNA they produce

A

minus strand RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

penetrate mucus layers of respiratory epithelium

A

influenza neruomunidase spike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

events that occur in the lytic cycle

A 
landing
atttachement
tail contraction
penetration and unplugging 
DNA infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

science that evaluates occurrence determinants, distribution, and control of health and disease in a defined human population

A

epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

condition in which organisms and all its parts performs its vital functions normally

A

health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

impairment of the normal state of an organism or any of its components that hinders the performance of vital functions

A

disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

one who practices epidemiology

A

epidemiologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

no seasonal outbreak

occurs occasionally and at irregular intervals

A

sporadic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

not childhood diseases

relatively steady low level frequency at moderately regular intervals spikes can occur

A

endemic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
gradual increases in frequency above endemic level but not to epidemic
hyperendemic diseases
26
depends on the disease, there are different numbers for different diseases.
epidemic
27
first case in an epidemic
index case
28
sudden, unexpected occurrence of disease doesn't have to be an epidemic usually focal or in a limited segment of the population
outbreak
29
increases in disease occurrence within large population over wide regions
pandemic
30
three important statistical measures of disease frequency
morbidity rate prevalence rate mortality rate
31
incidence rate number of new cases in a specific time period per unit of population how many people get sick
morbidity
32
total number of individuals infected at any one time | depends on incidence rate and duration of illness
prevalence
33
number of deaths from a disease per number of cases of the disease
mortality
34
sets of signs and symptoms characteristic of a disease
disease syndrome
35
objective changes in body that can be directly observed
signs
36
subjective changes experience by patient
symptoms
37
period after pathogen entry but before signs and symptoms appear
incubation period
38
onset of signs and symptoms | not clear enough for diagnosis
prodromal stage
39
disease is most severe and has characteristic signs and symptoms
period of illness
40
signs and symptoms begin to disappear
convalescence
41
when the origin of the disease is known
common source epidemic
42
one that spreads as people interact
propagated epidemic
43
resistance of a population to infection and to spread of an infectious organism because of the immunity of a large percentage of the population
herd immunity
44
changes that are major in infectious characters of pathogen
antigenic shift
45
smaller infectious changes so that a portion of the population is still immune
antigenic drift
46
infected host can be casual (short time) can be chronic (long time)
carrier
47
has overt clinical case of disease
active carrier
48
has recovered from disease but continues to harbor a large number of the pathogen
convalescent carrier
49
harbors pathogen but is not ill
healthy carrier
50
hasn't yet shown signs and symptoms and passes disease
incubatory carrier
51
convalescent, healthy and incubatory carriers that harbor pathogen for a brief time
casual, acute, transient carrier
52
convalescent, healthy, incubatory that have pathogen for their lifetime
chronic carriers
53
organisms that can be found in animals and spread to humans
zoonoses
54
four main routs of transmission
airbourne contact vehicle vector
55
pathogen suspended in air and travels over a meter
airbourne pathogen
56
small particles that can travel long distances usually propelled by respiratory tract
droplet nuclei
57
coming together or touching a source/reservoir and host
contact
58
involves an intermediate
indirect contact
59
travels less than a meter and larger particle size greater than 5 micrometers
droplet spread
60
physical interaction between source and reservoir
direct contact
61
inanimate materials or objects involved in pathogen transmission
vehicles
62
single vehicle spreads pathogen to multiple hosts (food or water)
common vehicle
63
common vehicle such as surgical instruments, bedding, or eating utensil
fomites
64
external (mechanical) transmission or internal transmission from live source
vector borne
65
passive carrier of pathogen on body of vector, no growth of pathogen during transmission
external (mechanical) transmission
66
carried within the vector
internal transmission
67
pathogen does not undergo changes within the vector
harborage transmission
68
pathogen does undergo changes in the vector
biologic transmission
69
two main factors for why host is susceptible to the disease
defense mechanisms of hosts | pathogenicity of disease
70
three types of control of epidemics
reduce or eliminate source of reservoir of infection break connection between source and susceptible individuals reduce number of susceptible individuals
71
caused by the varicella-zoster virus
chicken pox/shingles
72
incubation period of chicken pox
10-23 days
73
how does one get infected with chicken pox
through eye or upper respiratory tract
74
when you recover from chicken pox where does the virus go
into the dorsal root ganglia of the nervous systems
75
caused by the influenza virus
influenza
76
influenza is a
single stranded RNA virus
77
influenza is classified into three groups based on
hemaggglutin and neuraminidase antigens
78
changes due to accumulation of mutagens in a strain
antigenic drift
79
changes due to the reassortment of genomes
antigenic shift
80
caused by the measles virus
measles or rubeola
81
how does measles enter the body
respiratory tract
82
incubation period of measles
10-21 days
83
one of the first symptoms of measles that are white spots with a bluish tinge in the center
koplik's spot
84
rare progressive degeneration of central nervous system caused by the measles virus
subacute sclerosing parenencephalitis
85
caused by the mumps virus
mumps
86
what is a big characteristic of the mumps virus
swelling of the salivary glands
87
what time of RNA is the mumps virus
negative strand RNA
88
complication of mumps
meningitis | oriditis
89
caused by the rubella virus
rubella (german measles)
90
what type of RNA is the rubella virus
single stranded RNA
91
how is rubella spread
by the respiratory tract
92
results from infection of pregnant women in their first trimester resulting in fetal death, premature delivery, and or congenital defects
congenital rubella syndrome
93
last case was eradicated in 1977
small pox
94
last case of small pox in US was in
1972
95
what type of virus is small pox
dsDNA | brick shaped
96
how is small pox transmitted
aerosol or contact
97
first human disease to be caused by a virus and first to be confirmed spread by an insect vector
yellow fever
98
vector of yellow fever
mosquitos
99
yellow fever is spread two ways
human to human | monkey to human
100
caused by the rabies virus
rabies
101
what type of virus is rabies
negative strand RNA bullet shaped highly neurotrophic
102
how is rabies transmitted
by bites from infected animal
103
how long can it take to show symptoms of rabies
2-16 weeks
104
caused by the polio virus
polio
105
what type of virus is polio
positive strand RNA
106
dead polio virus used as a vaccine
salk vaccine
107
live attenuated polio virus used as a vaccine
sabin vaccine
108
Reflects the number of new cases of a disease in a population at risk during a specified time period
Incidence
108
which neuron does polio have the most affinity for
anterior horn motor neruons
109
Prevalent among or restricted to animals of a specific geographic area. Used of a disease
Enzootic
110
: an outbreak of disease affecting many animals of one kind at the same time; also : the disease itself
Epizootic
111
: a disease affecting animals of many species especially over a wide area
Panzootic

microbiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions