Micro and macrocyclic anemia (heme notes)

Question 1

Explain Hb, MCV and MCHb

Answer 1

HB is between 12-18 in humans. Anything below suggest anemia. It’s the first indicator used.

MCV tells us the size of the RBCs and able to classify according to micro (<80) , normo and macrocytic anemias (>100)

MCH tells us the distribution of HB in the cell. It gives us the central area of pallor. It’s rated 0 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+

Question 2

Shapes of RBCS
(7)

Answer 2

Tear drop
Spherocyte
Somatocyte
Xerocyte
Sickle cell shape
Ovalocyte
?

Question 3

2 types of RBC distribution on a peripheral smear

Answer 3

Rouleax and agglutination

Question 4

Causes microcytic anemia “TAILS”

Answer 4

Thalasemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Iron deficiency
Sideroblastic anemia
Lead poisoning

Question 5

Symptoms anemia on gen exam, cvs and cns

Answer 5

Pallor
Tachycardia
Koilonychia
Leukonychia
Conjunctival , tongue & sole pallor

?

Question 6

Signs (4)

Question 7

total body iron?

Answer 7

5mg ?

Question 8

physiological need of 1 iron (4)

Question 9

3 organs store iron

Answer 9

Liver
Spleen ?
?

Question 10

Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ ferritin differences

Answer 10

Ferric acid is the ingested form of iron
Fe2+ is the transported form of iron on transferrin
Ferritin is the stored form

Question 11

thalassemia explain.

Answer 11

Deletion of alpha or beta genes resulting in a HB other than HbA. Eg hba2 or hbF

Can have major or minor syndromes depending on how many genes were deleted. 4 alpha and 2 beta genes normally present

Question 12

Describe process of sickling in sickle cell anemia

Answer 12

Sickling occurs at low oxygen levels. eg at the tissues and may get stuck in small capillaries and cause ischemia

Heterogeneous cells sickles at LOWER de02 pressures than homogenous sickle cells