Micro/anatomy/terminology test Flashcards
Define Microbiology
The Study of tiny living organisms
Name one function organisms have in our environment
Our normal flora takes up space and protects us from pathogen entry
Describe 1 impact organisms have in our environment
Microbes break down organic matter and produce carbon dioxide, water & heat - resulting in richer soil
Normal (residential) flora
Microorganisms that inhabit the human body without causing disease
e.g. skin - particularly in moist areas like the armpits & groin: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Pathogenic Flora
Any microorganism that may cause a disease eg Sexually Transmitted Infections, Influenza
Opportunistic Flora
When conditions change and upset the normal flora which then replicate at a faster rate. e.g. taking antiobiotics which can cause oral or vaginal thrush
List 4 steps in the transmission of disease
PSIRPM
1 Infectious Agent
2 Reservoirs
3 Portal of exit
4 Means of transmission
5 portal of entry
6 Susceptible host
Identify 2 physical requirements for growth
1 Temperature could be cold, warm or hot (usually warm or hot)
2 Moisture
Identify 2 chemical requirements for microbial growth
Oxygen & nitrogen
Simple cubiodal
Lines kidney tubules and glands
Secretes
Filters Toxins
Stratified Squamous Tissue
Found in outer layer of skin, mouth and oesophagus.
Protects against abrasion, drying out and infection
Adipose Tissue (body fat tissue)
Located under the skin, around kidney and eyeballs, breasts and bone marrow
Protects, insulates and stores energy
Cells are called Adipocytes
Blood Cells
Found in blood vessels
Defend against disease
Transport nutrients, respiratory gases, waste and other products
Cardiac muscle
Branching, striated cells
Involuntary control
Contracts and pumps walls of the heart
Smooth muscle (swallowing)
Spindle shaped cells
Involuntary control
Peristaltic propulsion of food through passageways
Found mostly in walls of hollow organs (eg. digestive system
Mucous membranes
Lines body cavities open to the exterior body surface
Lines hollow organs of resp. dig, urinary and repro tracts
Has moist membranes
Protective barrier to prevent drying out.
Traps pathogens to be eliminated
Serous membrane
Lines body cavities closed to the exterior body
Lubricates so organs slide easily without friction
Endocrine Gland
Secrete directly into the bloodstream
e.g. thyroid, adrenal gland
Exocrine Gland
Secretes into ducts and onto body surfaces like the skin
e.g. sweat glands, oil glands
Corneum strata layer
Horny layer
Protective barrier e.g. light and heat
Dead cells are continually shed and replaced
Lucidium Strata Layer
Thick skin of palms and feet
Decreases effect of friction
Granulosum Strata Layer
Waterproof barrier preventing fluid loss from the body
Epidermis Skin Layer
Thick protective layer with no blood supply.
Waterproof barrier
Cells constantly divide to provide new cells
Dermis
Beneath epidermis
Provides support and structure
contains sweat glands and sensory receptors
Rich blood and nerve supply
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous layer
Loose connective tissue esp Adipose Tissue
Anchors skin to underlying organs
Absorbs shock and insulates
5 functions of the skin
Protection
Insulation
Excretion
Sensation
Temperature regulation
Name 3 Legal Acts
Mental Health Act
Child Protection Act
Nurses Act
Rx
Prescription
PHx
Past History
Dyspnoea
Difficulty Breathing/Shortness of breath
Advantages of Oral communication
Saves time
Ability to ask questions to clarify
Use appropriate body language to clarify
Disadvantage of Oral communication
No record of instructions
May be misunderstood
Speed of speech
3 effective ways to deal with patient complaint
Acknowledge the complaint
Find out what you can do
Follow through on solution
Telephone tips
Answer quickly with smile on face
state area you work
use prof language
reconfirm details
stay positive/professional
offer call back time
What to do/use for written medical notes
Use blue/black pen
no spaces
enter date/time
Be concise
write name, signature, designation (job role)
Barriers to communication
jumping to conclusions
attitudes
opinions
inappropriate responses
impatience
CPR
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
CVA
Cerebral Vascular Accident
IDDM
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Why should written and oral instructions be accurately received understood and documented
To ensure optimum patient care
Ensure correct drug/treatment or care is given
Easy documentation & communication
Fulfils medical legal obligation
why are checklists important
Effective means to organise/measure activity
Improve recall - has everything been done
Sub-
Under
Super-
Above
An-
without
Hept-
liver
Aden
gland
cephal/o
Brain
-aemia
blood condition
-itis
inflammation
-ology
study of
-ologist
a person who studies
-algia
pain
-oma
tumor
-gram
drawing
-scope
instrument for viewing
-plasty
surgical repair-
-ectomy
surgical removal
-scopy
Study/examination