Micro/anatomy/terminology test

Question 1

Define Microbiology

Answer 1

The Study of tiny living organisms

Question 2

Name one function organisms have in our environment

Answer 2

Our normal flora takes up space and protects us from pathogen entry

Question 3

Describe 1 impact organisms have in our environment

Answer 3

Microbes break down organic matter and produce carbon dioxide, water & heat - resulting in richer soil

Question 4

Normal (residential) flora

Answer 4

Microorganisms that inhabit the human body without causing disease
e.g. skin - particularly in moist areas like the armpits & groin: Staphylococcus epidermidis

Question 5

Pathogenic Flora

Answer 5

Any microorganism that may cause a disease eg Sexually Transmitted Infections, Influenza

Question 6

Opportunistic Flora

Answer 6

When conditions change and upset the normal flora which then replicate at a faster rate. e.g. taking antiobiotics which can cause oral or vaginal thrush

Question 7

List 4 steps in the transmission of disease

Answer 7

PSIRPM
1 Infectious Agent
2 Reservoirs
3 Portal of exit
4 Means of transmission
5 portal of entry
6 Susceptible host

Question 8

Identify 2 physical requirements for growth

Answer 8

1 Temperature could be cold, warm or hot (usually warm or hot)
2 Moisture

Question 9

Identify 2 chemical requirements for microbial growth

Answer 9

Oxygen & nitrogen

Question 10

Simple cubiodal

Answer 10

Lines kidney tubules and glands
Secretes
Filters Toxins

Question 11

Stratified Squamous Tissue

Answer 11

Found in outer layer of skin, mouth and oesophagus.
Protects against abrasion, drying out and infection

Question 12

Adipose Tissue (body fat tissue)

Answer 12

Located under the skin, around kidney and eyeballs, breasts and bone marrow
Protects, insulates and stores energy
Cells are called Adipocytes

Question 13

Blood Cells

Answer 13

Found in blood vessels
Defend against disease
Transport nutrients, respiratory gases, waste and other products

Question 14

Cardiac muscle

Answer 14

Branching, striated cells
Involuntary control
Contracts and pumps walls of the heart

Question 15

Smooth muscle (swallowing)

Answer 15

Spindle shaped cells
Involuntary control
Peristaltic propulsion of food through passageways
Found mostly in walls of hollow organs (eg. digestive system

Question 16

Mucous membranes

Answer 16

Lines body cavities open to the exterior body surface
Lines hollow organs of resp. dig, urinary and repro tracts
Has moist membranes
Protective barrier to prevent drying out.
Traps pathogens to be eliminated

Question 17

Serous membrane

Answer 17

Lines body cavities closed to the exterior body
Lubricates so organs slide easily without friction

Question 18

Endocrine Gland

Answer 18

Secrete directly into the bloodstream
e.g. thyroid, adrenal gland

Question 19

Exocrine Gland

Answer 19

Secretes into ducts and onto body surfaces like the skin
e.g. sweat glands, oil glands

Question 20

Corneum strata layer

Answer 20

Horny layer
Protective barrier e.g. light and heat
Dead cells are continually shed and replaced

Question 21

Lucidium Strata Layer

Answer 21

Thick skin of palms and feet
Decreases effect of friction

Question 22

Granulosum Strata Layer

Answer 22

Waterproof barrier preventing fluid loss from the body

Question 23

Epidermis Skin Layer

Answer 23

Thick protective layer with no blood supply.
Waterproof barrier
Cells constantly divide to provide new cells

Question 24

Dermis

Answer 24

Beneath epidermis
Provides support and structure
contains sweat glands and sensory receptors
Rich blood and nerve supply

Question 25

Hypodermis

Answer 25

Subcutaneous layer Loose connective tissue esp Adipose Tissue Anchors skin to underlying organs Absorbs shock and insulates

Question 26

5 functions of the skin

Answer 26

Protection Insulation Excretion Sensation Temperature regulation

Question 27

Name 3 Legal Acts

Answer 27

Mental Health Act Child Protection Act Nurses Act

Question 28

Rx

Answer 28

Prescription

Question 29

PHx

Answer 29

Past History

Question 30

Dyspnoea

Answer 30

Difficulty Breathing/Shortness of breath

Question 31

Advantages of Oral communication

Answer 31

Saves time Ability to ask questions to clarify Use appropriate body language to clarify

Question 32

Disadvantage of Oral communication

Answer 32

No record of instructions May be misunderstood Speed of speech

Question 33

3 effective ways to deal with patient complaint

Answer 33

Acknowledge the complaint Find out what you can do Follow through on solution

Question 34

Telephone tips

Answer 34

Answer quickly with smile on face state area you work use prof language reconfirm details stay positive/professional offer call back time

Question 35

What to do/use for written medical notes

Answer 35

Use blue/black pen no spaces enter date/time Be concise write name, signature, designation (job role)

Question 36

Barriers to communication

Answer 36

jumping to conclusions attitudes opinions inappropriate responses impatience

Question 37

CPR

Answer 37

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

Question 38

CVA

Answer 38

Cerebral Vascular Accident

Question 39

IDDM

Answer 39

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Question 40

Why should written and oral instructions be accurately received understood and documented

Answer 40

To ensure optimum patient care Ensure correct drug/treatment or care is given Easy documentation & communication Fulfils medical legal obligation

Question 41

why are checklists important

Answer 41

Effective means to organise/measure activity Improve recall - has everything been done

Question 42

Sub-

Answer 42

Under

Question 43

Super-

Answer 43

Above

Question 44

An-

Answer 44

without

Question 45

Hept-

Answer 45

liver

Question 46

Aden

Answer 46

gland

Question 47

cephal/o

Answer 47

Brain

Question 48

-aemia

Answer 48

blood condition

Question 49

-itis

Answer 49

inflammation

Question 50

-ology

Answer 50

study of

Question 51

-ologist

Answer 51

a person who studies

Question 52

-algia

Answer 52

pain

Question 52

-oma

Answer 52

tumor

Question 53

-gram

Answer 53

drawing

Question 54

-scope

Answer 54

instrument for viewing

Question 55

-plasty

Answer 55

surgical repair-

Question 56

-ectomy

Answer 56

surgical removal

Question 57

-scopy

Answer 57

Study/examination