Anatomy Assessment 2

Question 1

Name and identify 2 Epithelial tissues

Answer 1

1 Simple cubiodal
Lines kidney tubules and glands
Secretes
Filters toxins

2. Stratified Squamous
   Found in the outer layer of skin, mouth & oesophagus.
   Protects against abrasion, drying out and infection

Question 2

Identify the Connective tissues

Answer 2

1. Adipose Tissue
   Located under the skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, abdominal membranes, in breasts & bone marrow
   Function: Protects, insulates & stores energy
   Cells are called Adipocytes
2. Blood Cells
   Found within the blood vessels.
   Defend against disease
   Transport nutrients, respiratory gases, waste and other products.

Question 3

Identify the 2 Muscle Tissue

Answer 3

1. Cardiac Muscle structure
   Branching, striated cells
   Involuntary control.
   Contracts and pumps the walls of the heart
2. Smooth Muscle Structure
   Spindle shaped cells.
   Involuntary control
   Peristaltic propulsion of food through passageways.
   Found mostly in the walls of hollow organs e.g. digestive system

Question 4

Identify 2 Membrane Structures

Answer 4

1. Mucous Membranes structure
   Lines body cavities open to the exterior body surface.
   Lines hollow organs of resp. dig. urinary, and repro tracts.
   Has moist membranes
   Function: Protects by creating a barrier. Prevents body from drying out. Traps pathogens to be eliminated from the body
2. Serous Membranes Structure
   Lines open body cavities that are closed to the exterior body
   Function: to Lubricate organs to move without friction (e.g. heart, stomach)

Question 5

Define Endocrine and Exocrine glands

Answer 5

1. Endocrine Gland
   Secretes substances directly into the bloodstream
   e.g. Thyroid Gland, Adrenal gland
2. Exocrine Gland
   Secrete through ducts and release products onto body surfaces like the skin
   e.g. sweat glands, mammary glands

Question 6

Name 3 Strata layers & their function

Answer 6

1 Stratum Corneum
Protective durable barrier e.g. light, heat. Dead cells continually shed & are replaced.

2. Stratum Lucidium
   Thick skin of palms and soles of feet.
   Decreases effect of friction
3. Stratum Granulosum
   Waterproof barrier that prevents fluid loss from the body

Question 7

Name 3 layers of the skin and their function

Answer 7

1 Epidermis
Thin protective layer with no blood supply of its own.
Waterproof barrier. Cells constantly dividing to provide new cells

2. Dermis
   Beneath the Epidermis to provide support and structure.
   Contains sweat glands & sensory receptors
   Has rich blood and nerve supply
3. Hypodermis
   Subcutaneous layer (under the skin)
   Loose connective tissue, esp. Adipose tissue
   Anchors skin to underlying organs
   Absorbs shock and insulates

Question 8

List 5 functions of the skin

Answer 8

Protection
Sensation
Insulation
Excretion
Temperature regulation