Micro

Question 1

Zanamivir

Answer 1

Inhibit influenza neuraminidase > decreased release of progeny virus.
CLINICAL USE Treatment and prevention of both influenza A and B. Beginning therapy within 48 hours of
symptom onset may shorten duration of illness

Question 2

A-amanitin

Actinomycin D

Answer 2

Actinomycin D -inhibits RNA polymerase in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

alpha-amanitin - found in death cap mushrooms inhibits RNA polymerase II - causes severe hepatotoxicity if ingested

Question 3

Mebendazole

Answer 3

microtubule inhibitor in helminths (me bend you all)

Question 4

Flucytosine

Answer 4

Cytosine deaminase converts this drug into a 5 fluorouracil. It incorporates and halts fungal DNA and RNA synthesis.
-tx systemic fungal infections especially those caused by meningitis (Cryptococcus) in combination with amphotericin B

• bone marrow suppression

Question 5

Cilastin

Answer 5

inhibits dehydropeptidase in the renal tubules which inactivate imipenum (carbapenem) in the renal tubules. Carbapenems tx pseudomonas, anaerobic infections, and high resistance organisms. Can cause skin rash, diarrhea, and lower seizure threshold.

Question 6

Aztreonam

Answer 6

Monobactam
MECHANISM Less susceptible to β-lactamases. Prevents peptidoglycan cross-linking by binding to penicillinbinding
protein 3. Synergistic with aminoglycosides. No cross-allergenicity with penicillins.
CLINICAL USE
AEORBIC Gram ⊝ rods only—no activity against gram ⊕ rods or anaerobes. For penicillin-allergic patients
and those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides.
ADVERSE EFFECTS Usually nontoxic; occasional GI upset.

Question 7

Isavuconazole

Answer 7

Ketaconazole
for serious Aspergillus and
Mucorales infections.

Question 8

Meropenem

Answer 8

Carbapenems
Gram ⊕ cocci, gram ⊝ rods, and anaerobes.
Wide spectrum and significant side effects
limit use to life-threatening infections or
after other drugs have failed. Meropenem
has a  risk of seizures and is stable to
dehydropeptidase I.
GI distress, rash, and CNS toxicity (seizures) at
high plasma levels.

Question 9

Nifurtimox

Answer 9

treats acute Chagas disease

Question 10

Which antimicrobial drug can cause anion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer 10

Isoniazid

Question 11

What antibiotic is activated by catalase peroxidase?

Answer 11

isoniazid

Question 12

What is tx for babesiosis

Answer 12

clindamycin + atovaquone

Question 13

What is mode of action of ethambutol

Answer 13

decrease carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking arabinosyltransferase.
CLINICAL USE Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
ADVERSE EFFECTS Optic neuropathy (red-green color blindness). Pronounce “eyethambutol.”

Question 14

Which macrolide tx bartonella

Answer 14

azithromycin