Micro

Question 1

RTIs in HIV (3)

Answer 1

Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP)
TB
Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 2

RTI in neutropaenia

Answer 2

Fungi - Aspergillus spp.

Question 3

RTI in BMT

Answer 3

Aspergillus + CMV

Question 4

RTIs after splenectomy

Answer 4

Encapsulated:

H influenzae, S pneumoniae, N meninigitidis

Question 5

Organisms in bacterial (acute) meningitis

Answer 5

• Neisseria meningitidis (G-)
• Strep pneumoniae (G+)
  Neonates: GI flora - GBS, Listeria, E coli.
  Elderly: GBS, Listeria, TB (subacute).

Question 6

Organisms in viral (aseptic) meningitis

Answer 6

• Enterovirus eg. coxsackie
• Mumps
• HSV2 + echovirus in babies.

Question 7

Organism in fungal meninigitis

Answer 7

Cryptococcus neoformans - chronic

Question 8

Bacterial meningitis -

Aetiology, RF, Presentation

Answer 8

Systemic spread from mucosa or local from #skull.
RF: complement def, hyposlenism.
N men: hypogammaglobulinaemia,
S pneum: Alcoholic immune def, pneumonia, entry #.
Presents: Headache, vomiting, photophobia, irritable, fever, rash.

Question 9

Bacterial meningitis -

Dx and Tx

Answer 9

Dx: Clincal, blood cultures, serum Ag, EDTA-PCR, throat swab.
CSF: ^WCC, ^protein, low gluose.
Tx: Resuscitate. Ceftriaxone + corticosteroids + amicillin for Listeria.

Question 10

Interpreting CSF

Answer 10

Polymorphs: bacteria.
Low glucose: active bacteria.
Mononuclear cells: viruses.
High protein and Mononuclear cells: TB or cryptococcus.