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Board > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Lipoteichoic acid

A

Gram positive organisms

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2
Q

Endotoxin/LPS

A

Gram negative organisms

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3
Q

Thick peptidoglycan layer

A

Gram positive organisms

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4
Q

Mycolic acid

A

Mycobacteria

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5
Q

Sterols, no cell wall

A

Mycoplasma (doesnt gram stain)

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6
Q

Don’t gram stain well

A 
Treponema - too thin, dark field microscopy
Mycobacteria - high lipid contact
Mycoplasma - no cell wall
Legionella - intracellular, silver stain
Rickettsia - intracellular
Chlamydia - intracellular
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7
Q

Giemsa stain

A

chlamydia, borrelia, rickettsiae, trypanosomes, plasmodium

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8
Q

PAS

A

stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides - Tropheryma whipplei - dx whipple disease

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9
Q

ziehl-neelsen (carbol fuchsin)

A

acid fast - Nocardia, Mycobacterium

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10
Q

India ink

A

Cryptococcus, capsule

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11
Q

Silver stain

A

Fungi (pneumocystis), legionella, H pylori

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12
Q

H influenza growth

A

Chocolate agar w V (NAD+) / X (hematin)

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13
Q

N gonorrhea, N meningitidis media

A

Thayer martin (vancomycin, polymyxin, nystatin)

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14
Q

B pertussis growth

A

Bordet gengou

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15
Q

C diptheriae media

A

tellurite agar

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16
Q

m tuberculosis growth

A

lowenstein jensen

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17
Q

m pneumonia

A

Eaton agar, cholesterol

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18
Q

lactose fermenting enterics

A

macconkey agar

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19
Q

legionella agar

A

charcola yeast

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20
Q

fungi

A

sabouraud dextrose agar

21
Q

encapsulated organisms

A

s. pneumo, h influenza, n. meningitidis, e coli, salmonella, k pneumonia, group B strep

22
Q

Fx of capsule

A

antiphaocytosis

23
Q

Urease positive bugs

A

Cryptococcus, h pylori, proteus, ureaplasma, nocardia, klebsiella, s epi, s saprophyticus

24
Q

M protein

A

Group A strep

prevent phagocytosis

25
Q

Protein A

A

S. aureus, binds Fc of IgG, prevents opsonization, phagocytosis

26
Q

Exotoxin

A

tetanus, botulism, diptheria

G- and G+

27
Q

Endotoxin

A

G - outer cell membrane
LPS
induces TNF, IL1, IL6
fever, shock

28
Q

Pharyngitis with pseudomembranes in throat, severe lymphadenopathy - bull neck

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

29
Q

Diptheria toxin moa

A

inhibits EF-2 (elongation factor) (inhib protein synth)

30
Q

Toxin of pseudomonas aeruginosa, MOA

A

exotoxin A, inhibits EF-2 (inhibits protein synthesis)

31
Q

Shiga toxin bacteria
leads to
moa

A

Shigella, EHEC
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
inactivate 60s ribosome, remove adenine from rRNA (inhibits protein synth)

32
Q

ETEC toxins

A

Heat labile - overactivates adenylate cyclase, increase cAMP, increase chloride secretion in gut and water efflux -> watery diarrhea
Heat stable - overactivates guanylate cyclase, increase cGMP, decrease resorption of NaCl and water in the gut

33
Q

Bacillus anthracis toxin

A

Edema factor, increase cAMP, black eschar

34
Q

Cholera toxin

A

overactivates adenylate cyclase causign chloride secretion -> high volume rice water diarrhea

35
Q

Pertussis toxin

A

overactivates adenylate cyclase by disabling Gi. Impairs phagocytosis -> survival of microbe
-> whooping cough

36
Q

tetanus toxin

A

protease that cleaves SNARE req for NT release -> spasticity, risus sardonicus, lockjaw. Prevents release of inhibitory NT - GABA/Glycine

37
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

protease cleaves SNARE req for NT release -> flaccid paralysis, floppy baby. Prevents release of excitatory signals (ACh)

38
Q

Clostridium perfringens toxin

A

Alpha toxin

39
Q

Alpha toxin

A

Phospholipase that degrades tissue and cell membranes
-> gas gangrene and “double zone”
C perfringens

40
Q

S pyogenes toxin

A

streptolysin O

41
Q

Streptolysin O

A

protein that degrades cell membrane -> beta hemolysis

Ab SO used to diagnose rheumatic fever

42
Q

Staph aureus toxin

A

Toxic shock sndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1)
brings MCH II and TCR outside of Ag binding site -> outstanding IFN gamma and IL2 release
-> toxic shock, fever rash shock, scalded skin syndrome, food poisoning

43
Q

Strep pyo toxin

A

Exotoxin A - MCHII and TCR together outside of Ag binding site -> aggressive IFN gamma and IL2 release -> shock
-> fever, rash ,shock

44
Q

Endotoxin induces

A 
IL1 - fever
TNF - fever, hypotension
NO - hypotension
C3a - hypotension, edema
C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Activates tissue factor - coagulation, DIC
45
Q

Transformation

A

Take up naked DNA

46
Q

Conjugation

A

Plasmid incorporation
F+ - plasmid trasnfer
HFR - plasmid and chromosomal transfer

47
Q

Transposition

A

jumping segments of dna can excise and reintegrate, excision may include flanking DNA
eg antibiotic resistance genes

48
Q

“packaging” event, lytic phage infects bacterium leads to cleavge of bacterial DNA. Parts of bacterial chromosomal DNA may be packaged in viral capsid. That phage then infects another bacteria, transferring the genes

A

Generalized transduction

49
Q

“excision event” lysogenic phage infects bacterium, viral DNA incorporates into bacterial chromosome. Phage DNA excision may include bacterial genes. DNA is packaged into phage viral capsid to infect another bacterium.
includes: shiga, botulinum, cholera, diptheria, erythrogenic toxin of strep pyo

A

Specialized transduction

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