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Board > COMbank > Flashcards

COMbank Flashcards

1
Q

Diffuse ST elevation

A

Pericarditis

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2
Q

Complication of chronic renal /uremia

A

Pericarditis

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3
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Pericarditis

A

Pericardial friction rub, pain that changes with position,

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4
Q

Diffuse T inversion with isoelectric ST segments

A

Chronic pericarditis

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5
Q

Bulging, erythematous tympanic membrane

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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6
Q

Catalase negative, gram positive coccus

A

Streptococcus

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7
Q

Most common cause of R sided heart failure

A

L sided heart failure (systemic hypertension -> hypertrophy)

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8
Q

Digoxin

A

Binds, antagonizes Na/K ATPase, decreasing activity of Na/Ca exchange. Increases intracellular calcium.
Hypercalcemia -> greater inotropic effect/toxicity

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9
Q

ACEI

A

Treats congestive heart failure, slow progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Blocks synthesis of angiotensin II -> decrease aldosterone (-> hyperkalemia)

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10
Q

ACEI adverse effects

A

dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia

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11
Q

ACEI contraindications

A

bilateral renal artery stenosis. precipitate renal failure

Pregnancy

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12
Q

Risk factor DVT/PE

A

smoking, obesity, hypercoagulable disorder, oral contraceptive, estrogen replacement, recent surgery, decreased ambulation, previous DVT

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13
Q

PE diagnosis

A

chest x-ray, D-dimer, chest CT

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14
Q

PE treatment

A

anti coagulation with heparin, immediately

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15
Q

PE signs/symptoms

A

diaphoresis from tachycardia, chest discomfort, clear breath sounds, nonspecific ST/T changes

Massive PE: S1 Q3 T3 ECG pattern

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16
Q

Incomplete relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter

Loss of ganglion cells in myenteric plexus

A

Achalasia

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17
Q

Myenteric cell product for relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter

A

nitric oxide

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18
Q

Injection for Achalasia

A

Botulinum toxin to myenteric plexus of lower esophageal sphuncter

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19
Q

Most common cause of chronic renal failure (US)

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease, nodular glomerulosclerosis

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20
Q

Nonenzymatic glycosylation of glomerular arterioles due to diabetes mellitus, HTN, CAD

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease, nodular glomerulosclerosis

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21
Q

Tram track sign

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (type I)

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22
Q

HIV assd renal disease

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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23
Q

Microscopic polyarteritis assd renal disease

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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24
Q

Mediastinal mass, bimodal age distribution, “B” symptoms of fever, night sweats, weight loss.
Reed sternberg cell

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

25
Q

Cancer presenting with dysphagia, weight loss as adenocarcinoma. Common in men w/GERD.

A

Esophageal cancer

26
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism. Hypernatremia, hypokalmeia, met alkalosis, low renin.

A

Conn syndrome

27
Q

Treat Conn syndrome HTN

A

Spironolactone

28
Q

potassium sparing diuretic, antagonizes aldosterone

A

Spironolactone

29
Q

AE Spironolactone

A

hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, infertility

30
Q

Glucose 6-phosphatase deficiency, AR

Deficient gluconeogenesis. Can’t breakdown liver glycogen, elevated lactate dehydrogenase

A

Von Gierke

31
Q

Transglucosidase deficiency, PAS eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, AR

A

Andersen disease

32
Q

debranching enzyme alpha 1,6-glucosidase deficiency, normal lactate dehydrogenase

A

Cori disease

33
Q

myophosphorylase deficiency, muscle cramps, exercise intolerance

A

McArdle’s

34
Q

acid maltase (alpha 1,4-glucosidase) deficiency, cardiomegaly, congestive heart failure, hepatomegaly

A

Pompe disease

35
Q

Remnant of Rathke’s pouch, supratentorial tumor in children, may calcify, optic changes

A

Craniopharyngioma

36
Q

Initiating warfarin treatment

A

start heparin simultaneous to avoid paradoxical hypercoagulable state, avoid leafy greens

37
Q

AE long term heparin

A

Thrombocytopenia

38
Q

Partial estrogen agonist, stimulate follicules in anovulatory women with PCOS

A

Clomiphene

39
Q

Part of brain responsible for voluntary movement and postural adjustment. Uses dopamine

A

Basal ganglia

40
Q

Inability to initiate/execute voluntary movements, stooped posture, flat facial affect, shuffling gait, resting tremor. Depletion of dopamine in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease

41
Q

Hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, limbic cortex.
Memory, emotion, behavior

A

Limbic system

42
Q

Relay sensory information. Relay motor signals from cerebellum and basal ganglia to motor cortex

A

Thalamus

43
Q

Planning movements, motor regulation

A

Frontal lobe cortex

44
Q

Tetralogy of fallot

A

VSD, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

45
Q

tet spells, squatting to increase sys vascular resistance, R-> L shunting, boot shaped heart
RF: PKU, digeorge

A

Tetralogy of fallot

46
Q

alpha galactosidase A deficiency, acroparasthesia, LVH, angiokeratomas/telangiectasia
XLR

A

Fabry disease

47
Q

Inhibits ferrochelatase and delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Causes microcytic anemia, GI upset, kidney disease, mental retardation.

A

Lead poisoning

48
Q

Glycine + succinyl CoA + B6

A

delta aminolevulinic acid, 2nd step heme synth

inhibited in lead poisoning

49
Q

defect in porphobilinogen deaminase. accumulate porphobilinogen, painful abdomen, pink urine, polyneuropathy, psychological disturbances

A

Acute intermittent porphyria

50
Q

HIV, Heroin, African American nephrotic syndrome. Pitting edema, hypoalbuminemia, nephrotic proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, early course HTN. Segmental mesangial collapse with sclerosis in some glomeruli, no immune deposits

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

51
Q

XLR, hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, ocular deficits, no pitting edema

A

Alport’s syndrome

52
Q

subendothelial deposits w/granular appearance on immunofluorescence. HTN, pitting edema

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I

53
Q

Most common nephrotic syndrome in children, immunofluorescence is negative. Weight gain, edema, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia. Sudden onset

A

Minimal change disease

54
Q

most common leukemia in men over 60, unexplained elevated white count, excess mature lymphocytes, smudge cells

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

55
Q

anemia of CLL

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia -> spherocytosis, jaundice, increased LDH, + coombs test

56
Q

FEV1 decreased

FEV1/FVC decreased

A

obstructive disease (COPD)

57
Q

Retrospective study

A

case-control study

58
Q

Prospective study of rf vs no rf

A

cohort study

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