Micro Flashcards
(134 cards)
0
Q
Super antigen in gram negatives
A
Endo toxin Lipid A
1
Q
Major super toxin in gram positives in the cell wall
A
Lipoteichoic acid
Induces TNF and IL-1
2
Q
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
A
Acid fast organisms
3
Q
India ink stain
A
Cryptococcus neoformans
4
Q
H flu stains on chocolate agar with what two other things?
A
Factor V (NAD+) Factor X (hematin)
5
Q
Grows on Thayer Martin agar
A
Neisseria gonorrhea
6
Q
Bordet-Gengou agar
A
Bordatella pertussis
7
Q
Tellurite agar
A
Corynebacterium diptheriae
8
Q
Lowenstein Jensen agar
A
TB
9
Q
Buffered Charcoal Yeast agar
A
Legionella
11
Q
Gram (+) filamentous aerobic bacteria
A
Nocardia sp.
- acid fast
- pneumonia
- lumpy jaw
11
Q
MOA of Protein A in S. aureus
A
Binds Fc region on Ig to prevent opsonization and phagocytosis
12
Q
Gram (+) filamentous anaerobic bacteria
A
Actinomyces israelii
- not acid fast
- sinus drainage
- yellow sulfur granules
13
Q
MOA of the diphtheria toxin
A
Inhibits Elongation Factor (EF) 2
14
Q
MOA of Exotoxin A of Pesudomonas
A
Inhibits EF2
15
Q
MOA of the shiga and shiga-like toxin of Shigella and EHEC
A
Inhibits 60S ribosome by cleaving rRNA
16
Q
MOA of the Cholera toxin
A
Increases cAMP by overactivating adenylate cyclase causes excess Cl- and water secretion. Watery diarrhea
17
Q
MOA of the Pertussis toxin
A
diables Gi so cAMP levels increase preventing phagocytosis
18
Q
MOA of tetanus and botulism toxins
A
Both cleave SNARE proteins needed for NT release.
Tetanus prevents GABA and glycine release, so no muscle relaxation occurs
Botulism prevents ACh release so muscles are flaccid
19
Q
Toxins that cause Toxic Shock Syndrome
A
Exotoxin A in Strep p.
TSST-1 in Staph a.
20
Q
Gray Pseudomembrane
A
C. diptheriae
21
Q
Symptoms of Diptheria and how is it diagnosed?
A
Gray pseudomembrane pharyngitis
Tellurite Agar
22
Q
Gram (+) spore forming bacilli that are anaerobes.
A
Clostridia
23
Q
Mechanism of the toxins of the 4 Clostridia sp.
A
Tetani: SNAP protein toxin that prevents GABA and Glycine release
Botulinum: SNAP toxin that prevents ACh release
Perfringens: lecininase toxin that breaks down lipids
Difficile: ToxinA causes diarrhea, ToxinB causes lysis of colonic cells
24
Main conditions caused by each Clostridium sp.
Tetani: lockjaw (Trismus) tetanic paralysis (descending)
Botulinum: infant botulism (floppy baby), flaccid paralysis
Perfringens: gas gangrene
Difficile: antibiotic induced diarrhea
25
Poly D-glutamate capsule
B. anthracis
26
Symptoms of anthrax
Pulmonary: fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, shock, mediastinal widening
Cutaneous: black eschar
27
Mechanism of the Anthrax toxin.
3 components
1. Edema Factor: increases cAMP impairs neutrophil function
2. Protective Antigen: promotes entry into phagocytic cells
3. Letha Factor: inactivates protein kinases
28
facultative intracellular from deli meats
Listeria monocytogenes
29
Symptoms of Listeria
Neonatal meningitis, IC meningitis, nothing much in competent people
30
Caseous necrosis in lungs. Ghon complex
Pulmonary TB
| -caused by CMI of the host
31
Test for TB and a false positive.
Purified Protein Derivative Test (PPD)
| BCG vaccine against TB can cause a false positive
32
Pathogenesis of primary TB.
- bacilli enter upper lobes of lungs
- infect macrophages
- in immunocompetent people, infection is walled off as Ghon complex until reactivated
- in IC patients can be symptomatic causing caseous granulomatous inflammation, cavitations on CXR
33
Pathogenesis of secondary TB
- bacilli reactivate from some insult
| - mainly in lungs causing Caseating cavitation of lung tissue and pulmonary failure
34
complication of TB infection
Spread to vertebrae (Potts Disease)
35
Describe the two types of Hansen Disease (Leprosy)
Lepromatous: leonine facies, saddlenose deformity, immunocompromised people, can be lethal
Tuberculoid: immunocompetent, localized red spot with sensation loss in that area
36
Gram (-) diplococci that metabolizes maltose and glucose and a complication of this infection.
N. meningitides
| -Waterhouse Friderichsen (bilateral adrenal hemorrhage)
37
Gram (-) diplococci that metabolizes only glucose and a complication of this infection
N. gonorrhoeae
- Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome (liver capsule inflammation)
- PID
38
Old water towers, air conditioners
Legionella pneumophila
- causes leionnaries disease and Pontiac fever
- both are severe pneumonia
39
grape like odor
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- hot tub folliculitis (ecthyma gangrenosum)
- otitis externa
- pneumonia
- UTI
- oxidase positive non fermenter
- green pigment
- burn victims
40
E. coli that doesn't ferment sorbitol
EHEC
- HUS
- shiga-like toxin
41
Red currant jelly
Klebsiella pneumoniae
- aspiration pneumonia
- nosocomial UTIs
42
Rose spots on abdomen
Salmonella typhi
- diarrhea, gallbladder sequestration, typhoid fever
- lactose non-fermenter, able to disseminate
43
MOA of the shiga toxin
Inactivates 60S ribosomal subunit preventing protein synthesis in the intestines. Kills off the cells causing bloody diarrhea
44
Complication of an organism that grows at 42C
Campylobacter j. (chickens, fecal oral)
- causes Guillain-Barre (ascending symmetrical paralysis)
- Campy causes molecular mimicry of normal body tissue, so when the body makes Abs to Campy they also react with the gangliosides in neuron cell membranes
45
Name the 3 major spirochetes
Borrelia (lyme), Leptospira (Weil), Treponema (syphilis)
46
Saber shins, saddle nose, CN VIII, Hutchinson teeth, mulberry molars
Congenital Syhphilis
47
Patient presents with unilateral facial paralysis. What is the causative agent.
Borrelia b.
| -2nd stage lyme disease
48
Patient presents with severe jaundice, anemia, azotemia, hemorrhage. What is the bug?
Leptospira
| -Weil Disease
49
Patient comes in with maculopapular rash on palms and soles of feet. Complained of painless genital ulcer earlier. What is it?
Stage 2 syphilis
| -condylomata lata
50
What condition results in an Argyll Robertson pupil?
Tertiary syphilis
- compoenent of neurosyphilis
- pupil accomadates (CN III contracts ciliary muscle to make the lens more convex or wider)
- but no reaction to light by CNII
51
Cat scratch
Bartonella h.
52
Ixodes Tick
Borrelia b.
53
Louse
Borrelia recurrentis
54
Unpasteurized Diary
Brucella spp
55
Puppies, livestock, chickens
Campylobacter j.
56
Parrots
Chlamydophila psittaci
57
Spores from tick feces and cattle placenta
Coxiella burnetti (Q fever)
58
Lone Star Tick
Ehrlichiosis chaffeensis
59
Ticks, Rabbits, Deer Fly
Francisella tumarensis
60
Animal Urine
Leptospira
61
Armadillos
M. leprae
62
Animal bite, cats, dogs
Pasterella m.
63
Body Louse
Rickettsia prowazekii
64
Dermacentor Tick
Rickettsia rickettsii
65
Fleas
Rickettsia typhus
66
Flea, rodents, prarie dogs
Yersinia pestis
67
Patient complains of headache, fever, rash starting on hands and feet, going to the trunk. Test, Bug and disease
RMSF
- Rickettsia rickettsia
- Weil Felix (+): test looks for Rickettsia Abs
68
Patient presents with a rash headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue. Weil Felix (-). Blood smear shows berry cluster granulocytes.
Ehrlichiosis
69
Patient presents with SOB, coughing and PE reveals consolidation in the lungs. No rash, Weil-Felix (-).
Coxiella (Q fever)
| -cattle fetuses
70
Patient presents with reactive arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis. What are the serotypes and forms of the infectious agent?
Chlamydia trachomatis
- serotypes D to K
- elementary body infects
- reticulate body replicates
71
Disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci
atypical pneumonia (parrot fever)
72
College student presents with non-productive cough, headache. X-ray looks worse than the patient. What test should be run if the most common organism is suspected?
Mycoplasma p.
- walking pneumonia
- Cold Agglutinin Test
73
Name the two bacteria that are CAMP (+)
Strep agalactiae
| Listeria m.
74
Patient presents with SOB, coughing, and diminished breath sounds. Blood smear reveals a macrophage filled with a yeast. What is a risk factor for this infection?
Histoplasmosis
| -bird or bat droppings
75
Patient presents with SOB, coughing, and diminished breath sounds. Blood smear shows broad based budding yeast.
Blastomycosis
76
Patient presents with SOB, coughing, and diminished breath sounds and a stiff neck. Hanging out in the desert southwest. What would be seen on blood smear?
Coccidioides immitus
- valley fever
- forms spherules in tissue (not yeast)
77
Endocarditis in IVDU.
Candida albicans
78
Patient presents with pneumonia like infection. Recent history of TB infection. Region of opacity seen on CXR. What would be seen on KOH?
Aspergillus fumigatus
- acute angle hyphae (less than 45 degrees)
- aspergilloma formation
- IC patients
79
AIDS patient presents with meningitis. Most common source of infectious agent.
Cyrptococcus neoformans
| -pigeon droppings
80
Patient presents with headache, necrotic eschar on his face. What will KOH reveal?
Mucor (or Rhizopus)
| -90 degree angle hyphae
81
Patient presents with pneumonia. Diffuse bilateral CXR appearance, dented helmet appearance. What would CBC reveal?
Penumocystis jiroveci
| -HIV (AIDS) patients with CD4 below 200cell/mL can get this
82
Drunk rose gardener
Sporothrix
83
Trophozoites or cysts in the stool. Beavers.
Giardia lamblia
- Malabsorption Syndrome
- foul smelling diarrhea
- Trophozoite is replicating form of protozoan
84
Trophozoites or cysts in the stool. Bloody diarrhea with RUQ pain.
Entamoeba histolytica
| -can be sequestered in the liver to cause the RUQ pain
85
Acid Fast Oocysts. AIDS watery diarrhea.
Cryptosporidium
86
Patient presents with chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications. Ring enhancing lesions.
Toxoplasma gondii
87
Patient presents with recurring fever, somnolence, coma. Blood smear reveals protozoan. What is the vector?
Trypanosma brucei
- Tsetse fly
- African Sleeping Sickness
88
Patient presents with fevers "off and on" and starts having seizures. Eventually he falls into a coma. Recent central American travel. What is the vector and what is seen on blood smear?
Plasmodium falciparum
- ring form in RBC
- wedge or boomerang gametocyte
- Anopheles mosquito bite
89
Treatment for P. falciparum
Chloroquine (blocks plasmodium heme polymerase)
90
Patient presents with fever that is "off and on" and starts having seizures. He reports that this has happened before. Treatment with chloroquine was used last time. What should be done to treat this case?
Plasmodium vivax
- causes recurrent malarial infection
- hyponozoite form sequestered in liver
- use PRIMAQUINE to kill the liver form
91
Buzz word for an infection that is a very common co-infection with lyme disease.
Maltese Cross
| -Babesia microti (Ixodes tick vector)
92
Patient presents with difficulty swallowing and constipation. What bit him?
Trypanosomi cruzi
- Chagas disease
- Reduviid Bug
93
Patient presents with spiking fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. What bit him?
Leishmania donovani
- Sand fly
- visceral leishmaniasis
94
Intestinal infection, anal pruritis
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
95
Horse fly bite, swelling skin, worm in conjunctiva.
Loa loa
96
Elephantiasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
97
Neurocyticercosis
Taenia solium
| -pork tapeworm
98
B12 deficiency, raw freshwater fish
Diphyllobothrium latum
| -fish tapeworm
99
Cysts in liver and lung, dog feces
Echinococcus granulosus
| -Hydatid cyst disease
100
Smails, granulomas, fibrosis of spleen and liver
Schistosomes
101
Chronic infection associated with bladder cancer.
Schistosoma haematobium
102
Rust colored sputum, crab meat
Paragonimus westermani
103
List the 5 live vaccines
```
Smallpox
Yellow Fever
VZV
Polio (Sabins)
MMR
```
104
AIDS retinitis
CMV
105
Burkitt's Lymphoma
EBV
| -CD21 receptors
106
Pink Eye
Adenovirus
107
Slapped Cheek
B19
108
Cervical cancer
HPV 16, 18
109
Umbilicated Lesions
Molluscum Contagiosum
| -poxvirus
110
Roseola
HHV6
111
Owl's Eye inclusions
CMV
112
Tzanck Smear (+)
Herpes viruses
113
High fever, black vomit
Yellow Fever virus
114
Most common cause of infantile death due to diarrhea
Rotavirus
115
Reason for Orthomyxovirus infection each year
Influenza Virus
-genetic drift
(shift is a bigger deal, like H1N1)
116
Seal bark cough.
Parainfluenza causing croup
117
Koplick Spots: name the rash pattern and complicaiton
Measles
- forehead downward rash
- Subactue Sclerosing Panencephalitis
118
Big compilcation of mumps
Orchitis
119
Negri bodies
Rabies
120
Fecal Oral Hepatitis viruses
A, E
121
Acute Hepatitis viruses
A, sometimes B
122
Chronic hepatitis viruses
C, sometimes B
123
Risk of Hepatocellular carcinoma
C
124
Only DNA hepatitis virus
B
125
Protein HIV uses to attack to CD4 of T cells
gp120
126
Protein HIV uses to enter host cells
gp41 (fusion and entry)
127
Gene needed for HIV virulence
nef
128
Co-receptors on T cells needed for HIV to bind and be infectious.
CXCR4
CCR5
(people with mutations in these proteins seem to be immune to HIV)
129
CD4 count for HIV thrush
less than 400
130
Cryptosproidium infection (watery diarrhea)
less than 200
131
Meningitis AIDS
Cryptococcus n.
| less than 50
132
Pneumonia in AIDS
Pneumocystis j.
| -less than 200
133
MAC in AIDS
Mycobacterium aviumcomplex
| -less than 50
