(MHD) Lecture 1- Intro to Renal Flashcards
What value counts as:
Normal urine output?
Oliguria?
Anuria?
Polyuria?
Normal output: 1500 mL/24 hours
Oliguria: < 500 mL/24 hours
Anuria: absence of urine output
Polyuria: > 3000 mL/24 hours
Azotemia vs Uremia
Azotemia- Abnormally high levels of nitrogen containing compounds in blood, largely related to insufficient blood filtration by the kidneys. Elevated BUN.
Uremia- Urea in blood. Accompanies advanced kidney failure. Uncontrolled azotemia can lead to this.
Decribe the (5) stages/values associated with Chronic Kidney Disease
Put them in order of prevelance for adult patients
What values are asociated with normal urinary protein? (total and albumin)
Total protein: < 150mg/24 hours
Albumin: < 30mg/24 hours
Define the nephrotic range of proteinuria
“Nephrosis”: > 3 – 3.5gm of protein loss/24 hours
What are the “Imposters” which may make a urine analysis appear to have blood in it even when it does not? (3)
- Free Hemoglobin
- Myoglobin
- Menstrual Contamination
Name the (5) types of renal tubular casts and what they indicate/suggest.
- Epithelial casts (muddy brown casts): Acute tubular necrosis
- Fatty casts: Lipiduria (usually seen in nephrotic syndrome)
- Granular casts: Chronic kidney disease (otherwise nonspecific)
- Hyaline casts: Dehydration; excercise; diuretic therapy
- Waxy casts: Advanced kidney disease
What is the key difference between Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndrome?
Nephrotic Syndrome: there is a loss of signficant protein via the urine (and there are associated symptoms as a result)
Nephritic Syndrome: there is a loss of blood via the urine (and there can be variable protein loss)
Crystalloid vs Colloid Solutions
Both are IV solutions for fluid replacement to correct volume depletion.
IV crystalloid solutions: disperse throughout the body, into the extracellular water (ECW)
IV colloid solutions: tend to remain within the plasma volume
