MFE Flashcards
problems caused by constipation
abo pain
vomiting/ nausea
rectal discomfort / haemorrhoids
overflow diarrhoea
urinary retention
delirium
What questions to ask when assessing constipation
- frequency of passing stools
- consistency
- tenesmus
- fluid intake
- abdo and rectal exam
Name osmotic laxatives
- laxido
- lactulose
Name softener laxatives
- docusate
Name stimulant laxatives
- Senna
- bisacodyl
What type of laxatives can be given for hard stools?
- osmotic laxatives
- softener
Name some rectal preparations of laxatives?
- glycerine
- micolette
- phosphate enemas
What drugs may cause constipation
- anti-depressants
- anti-psychotics
- levodopa
- aluminium
- iron
- opiates
What are the 4 types of urinary incontinence
- urge
- stress
- functional
- overflow
Describe urge incontinence
- frequency, urgency, nocturia
- bladder training
Describe stress incontinence and treatments?
- sneezing, laughing, coughing
- pelvic floor exercises
What is associated with overflow incontincence
- Prostate enlargemetn
What can be used to treat prostate enlargement with overflow incontinence?
- tamsulosin (postural hypotension)
- finasteride (3 months to start working)
What may be a cause of functional incontince?
- not being able to mobilise
- not being able to get to the toilet
- neurological conditions
How often should pelvic floor exercises be done
- 3 times per day
What are the 5 factors of frailty?
- unintentional weight loss
- self-reported exhaustion
- weakness (grip strength)
- slow walking speed
- low physical activity
Signs of heart failure
- orthopnoea
- oedema
- fatigue and lethargy
- elevated JVP
- displaced apex
- crepitations
What is BNP blood test
- Plasma levels correlate with left ventricular function
- levels elevated post MI
- streamlines requests for echo when diagnosing HF
Drug treatments of heart failure?
- diuretics
- acei
- b blocker
- digoxin
- nitrates
What may be risk factors for falls
- history of falls
- gait problems
- visual impairment
- cardiac arrhythmias
- postural hypotension
- polypharmacy
- incontinence
Drugs that are linked to an increase risk of falls
- nitrates
- acei
- diuretics
- anticholinergics
-levodopa - ssris
Who shouldn’t be given bishopshonates?
- those with oesophagitis/GORD symptoms
- Kidney conditions, eGFR <35
- Risk of osteonecrosis of jaw - dentist review prior to starting
What advice should be given when taking bishophodates?
- sit upright for 30mins after
- take in morning on an empty stomach - wait 30mins to 1hr for food
