Methods of Philosophizing

Question 1

Science devoted to the discovery of the proper method of acquiring and validating knowledge.

Answer 1

Epsitemology

Question 2

Knowledge acquired true knowledge

Answer 2

Empiricist

Question 3

Thinking with use of our Mind

Answer 3

Rationalist

Question 4

Process of acquiring knowledge

Answer 4

Reality, Perception, Concept, Proposition, Inference

Question 5

To know is to know something

Answer 5

Reality

Question 6

Is our contact to reality though senses. Knowledge begins with our perceptual knowledge

Answer 6

Perception

Question 7

we notice what is similar

Answer 7

concept

Question 8

statement that express assertion or a denial

Answer 8

Proposition

Question 9

providing arguments

Answer 9

Inference

Question 10

group of Statements- one or two premises and a conclusion.

Answer 10

arguments

Question 11

Is a clear awareness and understanding of something.

Answer 11

Knowledge

Question 12

Comprised of ideas and beliefs that we know to be true.

Answer 12

Knowledge

Question 13

A product of question that allow for a clear answers provided by facts

Answer 13

Knowledge

Question 14

Scientifically proven or proposition which are observed to be real.

Answer 14

Facts

Question 15

statement about the world and reality that may or may not carry truth.
It is usually stated as short statement or sentences.

Answer 15

Proposition

Question 16

Claims that required further examination to establish whether it is true or false

Answer 16

statement

Question 17

In order to know whether the claim true or false it must undergo in the process of ______

Answer 17

verification

Question 18

For science truth is something observable and ______

Answer 18

empirical

Question 19

Knowledge is based on ______

Answer 19

experience

Question 20

has various views that which can help us tackle concept of knowing the truth.

Answer 20

Philosophy

Question 21

Philosophers emphasize ______ as a basis for determining truth

Answer 21

belief

Question 22

“[‘True’] is a word we all understand, but if we try to explain it, we can easily get involved in a maze of confusion.”

Answer 22

Frank Ramsey

Question 23

Physical faculties of seeking the truth by the human person

Answer 23

External and Internal

Question 24

Seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching

Answer 24

External

Question 25

Memory, imagination, consciousness, and instinct

Answer 25

Internal

Question 26

Spiritual faculty of seeking the truth by the human person

Answer 26

Mind

Question 27

The goal of thinking is to know ________

Answer 27

the ultimate truth

Question 28

Four characteristics of the ultimate truth

Answer 28

1. Resides in the intellect 2. It is immutable 3. It is absolute 4. It is eternal

Question 29

The human person has two powers of the mind

Answer 29

1. The intellect (universally true) 2. The will (Universally good)

Question 30

Universally true

Answer 30

Intellect

Question 31

Universally good

Answer 31

Will

Question 32

Thinking and reasoning, making wise decisions, pursue truths of a higher order

Answer 32

The intellect

Question 33

conscience, moral decisions, action

Answer 33

The will

Question 34

A judgement, viewpoint, or statement that is considered to be subjective

Answer 34

opinion

Question 35

It is formed based on the person's understanding, feelings, or desires about matters, topics, issues, or concerns

Answer 35

opinion

Question 36

Considered as the central figure of modern philosophy

Answer 36

Immanuel Kant

Question 37

"taking-something-to-be-true"

Answer 37

Furwahrhalten

Question 38

Three ways of Furwahrhalten

Answer 38

1. Opinion 2. Knowledge 3. Belief

Question 39

Conscious acceptance of a claim without subjective or objective grounds/ foundation

Answer 39

Opinion

Question 40

Conscious judgement on the basis of both subjective and objective grounds

Answer 40

Knowledge

Question 41

Conscious acceptance of a claim on the basis of a subjective ground but without any objective ground

Answer 41

Belief

Question 42

among the three ways of furwahrhalten, opinion is the most _____

Answer 42

problematic

Question 43

It is neither subjectively or objectively sufficient

Answer 43

Opinion

Question 44

A form of preliminary judging

Answer 44

Opinion

Question 45

How to evaluate opinions

Answer 45

1. Source 2. Reliability 3. Purpose 4. Bias 5. Assumption

Question 46

To evaluate a source, one must consider

Answer 46

a. reputation b. audience whom it was intended for c. whether authentic documents were provided as proof

Question 47

An idea or principle that a person accepts as true but makes no effort to prove or substantiate it

Answer 47

Assumption

Question 48

Two types of fallacies

Answer 48

Fallacies of relevance Fallacies of Insufficient Evidence

Question 49

An argument that contains a mistake in reasoning

Answer 49

Fallacy

Question 50

mistakes in reasoning that occur because the premises are logically irrelevant to the conclusion.

Answer 50

Fallacies of relevance

Question 51

mistakes in reasoning that occur because the premises, though logically relevant to the conclusion, fail to provide sufficient evidence to support the conclusion.

Answer 51

Fallacies of insufficient evidence

Question 52

10 classifications of Fallacies of relevance

Answer 52

Personal attack, appeal to pity, attacking the motive, bandwagon argument, look who's talking, straw man, begging the question, red herring, scare tactics, equivocation

Question 53

When an arguer rejects a person's argument or claim by attacking the person's character rather than examining the worth of the argument or claim itself

Answer 53

Personal attack

Question 54

When an arguer threatens harm to a reader or listener and this threat is irrelevant to the truth of the arguer's conclusion

Answer 54

Scare tactics

Question 55

When an arguer attempts to evoke feelings of pity or compassion, where such feelings, however understandable, are not relevant to the truth of the arguer's conclusion

Answer 55

Appeal to pity

Question 56

The idea is acceptable because it has been true for a long time

Answer 56

Appeal to Tradition

Question 57

When an arguer states or assumes as a premise (reason) the very thing he is seeking to probe as a conclusion

Answer 57

Begging the question

Question 58

Assuming a cause and effect relationship between related events

Answer 58

Cause-and-effect

Question 59

Assuming that what is true of a part is true for the whole

Answer 59

Fallacy of composition