Human Person as an Embodied Spirit Flashcards
The term “person” came from the Greek word _____
prosopon (mask worn by an actor)
A being, creature, whose destiny is to live in two worlds (spiritual and physical/material)
Man
Refers to anything exclusively pertinent to man
Human
Natus
born
to be born
nature
ultimate operation of reality
nature
refers to anything exclusively human which man intrinsically possesses right at his birth
Human Nature
What is a human person?
Self-awareness, Self-determination, Dignity, Externality
Having a clear perception of self
self-awareness
refers to the capability of persons to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences
self-determination
result or effect of an action or condition
consequence
goodness or badness of an act
morality
Refers to the capability of a person to reach out and interact with others and the world
Externality
refers to the innate right to be valued and respected
dignity
Being-in-the-world
Dasein
He called a human person Dasein
Martin Heidegger
sorge
care
two ways on how people involve in the world
- Being alongside entities
- Being with other entities
referring to the world which a person is use to satisfy his/her interest
Equipmental world
world where people relate with considerateness.
Living in a Public/Social world
If a person is being-in-the-world then he subjected to _______
temporality
refers to the person’s past, realities of a person that can no longer be changed
facticity
man’s future
existentiality
the state of human person when s/he live an inauthentic existence
fallenness
He called our present as falleness because most of people did not decide for themselves.
Martin Heidegger
explains that human capacity for transcendence is rooted in the property of human consciousness called intentionality.
Jean Paul Sartre
He pointed out the dual nature of the human person based on his “two-world theory”
Plato
Plato presented that the human has two different aspects - the (1) ___ and the (2) ____
body and soul
It is the essence of man’s humanity and the source of all his activities.
soul
the true man is freed from his imprisonment in ______
death
Philosopher who said that “Immaterial reality is a limitation”
Aristotle
He stated that the soul is the core essence of the human person
Aristotle
According to aristotle, the soul exists to _____ the body
animate
“Man is the whole of his body and soul. The relation of the body to the soul is the relation of matter to form. There is no matter that is not informed by form, and no form that is not the form of matter.”
Aristotle
Believes that a human being’s soul can be said to temporarily encased in his body
Hinduism
Hinduism believes in the duality of a human person:
1.
2.
- spiritual and immortal essence (soul)
- Empirical life and character
Bounded by karma
Hinduism
Shares ‘dharma’ or law of salvation
Buddhism
Law of salvation
dharma
the four noble truths of buddhism
- Life is full of suffering
- Suffering is caused by passionate desires, lust, and cravings
- Only has this been obliterated
- Eradication of desires may be achieved by following the eight-fold path or earnest endeavor
Christianity has three aspects of a personal unity
Body, Mind, and soul
The three absolute realities of the Human Person:
Physical, Immaterial, Free
He disagrees with Plato’s concept of Two Worlds
St. Thomas Aquinas
The soul is distinct yet is nevertheless still united with the body
St. Thomas Aquinas
He was affirming that man’s spiritual soul can exist without matter, he also affirmed that this soul cannot do its operation without the body.
St. Thomas Aquinas
He believed that the body is a machine that can operate without the soul - the bodies of animals are soulless machines
Rene Descartes
res cogitans
a thinking being and not a bodily being
French phenomenologist who is a playwright and musician
Gabriel Marcel
He disagrees how Descartes and some other mathematicians and scientists look at the body of man as merely a machine
Gabriel Marcel
knowing and investigating man is not the same as knowing and investigating things, for man is not merely a body but an ________
embodied spirit
According to marcel there are two levels in the act of knowing
Primarily and Secondary reflection
In this kind of reflection, I place myself outside the thing I am investigating
Primary Investigation
Objectum
Thrown in front
In this kind of reflection, I recognize that I am part of the thing I am investigating, and therefore my discussion is subjective (“thrown beneath”).
Secondary Reflection
My body is an instrument or an extension of _____
myself
Intermediary connotes two meanings:
bridge and as a wall
Because of my body, I experience the world separate from me. I am hidden from the world and ______
the world is hidden from me
My body is not only an intermediary between me and the world, but also between me and ___
others
The ability to surpass limits
transcendence
