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Investigations > Methods Of Investigations > Flashcards

Methods Of Investigations Flashcards

0
Q

What is an example of intangible evidence?

A

A witness statement

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1
Q

What are the two categories of evidence?

A

Tangible and intangible

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2
Q

What is real evidence?

A

Evidence that speaks for itself

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3
Q

What is an example of real evidence?

A

Fingerprints, a gun, a tire print

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4
Q

What are the two basic rules of handling evidence?

A

1) Photograph and sketch crime scene before moving articles

2) Restrict handling to absolute minimum number of persons to shorten chain of evidence

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5
Q

What are the four rules of marking evidence?

A

1) Avoid obliterating evidence while marking
2) Use a distinctive mark where possible
3) Should include date evidence secured and location from where taken
4) Mark should be on item itself where possible

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6
Q

Before packing for shipment to a faraway lab, allow bloodstains to what?

A

Dry

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7
Q

Where should all suspected body fluid stains be submitted?

A

To laboratory

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8
Q

Articles of suspect and victim should not what?

A

Contact each other

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9
Q

In obtaining known specimens of hair from victim and/or suspect, you should submit at least how many hairs from various areas of the head?

A

50

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10
Q

Why should you never place loose fibers in a mailing envelope?

A

Because they are difficult to locate, and paper from which most envelopes are made contains fiber

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11
Q

What should be done in the case of headlights?

A

All glass remaining in the shell should be recovered

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12
Q

If soil is firmly attached to some object, what should be sent to the lab?

A

The object itself

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13
Q

What should be used to scrape paint samples off?

A

A clean knife blade

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14
Q

How should volatile liquids be handled?

A

They should be poured into a clean glass bottle and sealed tightly

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15
Q

Where should bullets be marked?

A

On the base

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16
Q

Where should cartridge cases be marked?

A

On the inside of the open end

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17
Q

Where should unfired ammunition be marked?

A

On the side of the cartridge case near the end of the bullet

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18
Q

How should a question document be put into evidence?

A

It should be sealed plastic or cellophane envelope

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19
Q

How should charred documents be placed into evidence?

A

They should be placed on top of loose cotton in a box and hand-delivered to the lab

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20
Q

What are the two methods of gathering information for people?

A

Interviews and interrogations

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21
Q

The questioning of a person who has or is believed to have information of relevant interest to the investigation

A

Interview

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22
Q

The questioning of a person suspected of having committed an offense, or a person who is reluctant to fully disclose information pertaining to the investigation

A

Interrogation or confrontational interview

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23
Q

The investigator may start with what then shift into what?

A

They may start with an interview and then shift into a confrontational interview

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24
Q

In an investigative interview, You should gain information to establish what?

A

The facts of an incident or recording

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25
Q

In an investigative interview, What should be verified?

A

Information received from other sources

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26
Q

In an investigative interview, Who should be identified?
1)
2)

A

1) Additional witnesses

2) Persons responsible for the event and/or accomplices

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27
Q

In an investigative interview, What should be secured?

A

Additional evidence

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28
Q

In an investigative interview, Background information on what should be developed?

A

The specifics of the event or offense

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29
Q

In an investigative interview, What should be eliminated?

A

Suspects

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30
Q

In an investigative interview, What should be discovered?

A

Details of other offenses

31
Q

In an interview, What are the two stipulations regarding subject’s statements?

A

They must be free and voluntary

32
Q

The interview must be conducted in what kind of a manner?

A

A manner in which an objective third-party to the interview is there

33
Q

In an interview, party is free to what?

A

Leave

34
Q

In an interview, you should position the interviewee how?

A

Within the confines of the interview area

35
Q

How many people should conduct an interview, and why?

A

No more than two, so they don’t intimidate the interviewee

36
Q

What needs to be considered regarding the interviewee personally?

A

Background, intelligence, education, biases, emotional state, medical condition

37
Q

How should you communicate with the interviewee?

A

On a level that he/she can understand

38
Q

What kind of physical activity should you pay attention to in your interviewee?

A

Fidgeting, nailbiting, foot or finger tapping

39
Q

What kind of physiological activity should you keep an eye out for with your interviewee?

A

Eye blinking, dry mouth, perspiration

40
Q

When an interviewee is reluctant to talk, what might this indicate?

A

The need to protect himself/herself or others

41
Q

Responsiveness to certain questions may offer an indication of an interviewee’s need to what?

A

Relieve himself/herself of guilt

42
Q

An interviewee’s responsiveness to certain questions may offer other motives for what?

A

Providing information

43
Q

What are the six techniques of the investigator?

A

1) Establish a good rapport
2) Maintain eye contact
3) Do not jump to conclusions, maintain an open-mindedness
4) Listen attentively
5) Be perceptive to every comment
6) Maintain control of the interview

44
Q

What kind of question should an investigator ask?

A

Open ended

45
Q

As an investigator, silence can be used as a method of what?

A

Soliciting a response from the interviewee

46
Q

How should you have the interviewee describe the events?

A

As a chronology, starting from the beginning of the incident

47
Q

How should you test the truthfulness of the interviewee’s responses?

A

By asking questions to which you already know the answers

48
Q

How should the investigator describe the incident or inquiry to the interviewee?

A

As very serious

49
Q

Request the interviewee to _____ his/her version of the events

A

Repeat

50
Q

When appropriate, _____ the interviewee with certain information that you have gathered during the course of your investigation

A

Confront

51
Q

Maintain _____

Be ____ and _____

A

Maintain control

Be aggressive and fair

52
Q

What are the three forms a written statement may be?

A
  1. Narrative
  2. Question and answer
  3. Combination
53
Q

What are the two techniques most commonly used during an interrogation?

A
  1. Sympathetic

2. Logic and reasoning

54
Q

What are the two main approaches used with interrogation?

A

Direct and indirect

55
Q

What is an indirect approach?

A

Exploratory in nature

56
Q

What is a direct approach?

A

Normally used to interrogate a suspect whose guilt is reasonably certain

57
Q

What are the two best known types of devices to detect deception?

A
  1. Polygraph

2. Psychological stress evaluation

58
Q

What are the four changes the polygraph records?

A
  1. Respiration
  2. Blood pressure
  3. Pulse
  4. Skin’s sensitivity to electricity
59
Q

According to the Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988, the polygraph may be used in the workplace if Employer is using polygraphs to assist in what?

A

Their ongoing investigation of certain kinds of workplace crimes

60
Q

According to the Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988, the polygraph may be used for pre-employment if The employer engages in providing certain kinds of what?

A

Security services

61
Q

According to the Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988, the polygraph may be used in the workplace if The employer engages in manufacturing, distribution or dispensing of certain kinds of what?

A

Controlled drugs

62
Q

Polygraph examination is only as good as what?

A

The examiner

63
Q

What are the three key points regarding the psychological stress evaluation test?

A
  1. Does not require body attachment
  2. Records and analyzes stress-related components of the human voice
  3. Maybe used with or without the knowledge of the individual being tested
64
Q

The process of observing persons, places, or activities during the course of investigation

A

Surveillance

65
Q

Surveillance can be either what or what?

A

Covert or overt

66
Q

Results of a surveillance may be admitted into evidence in accordance with what?

A

Regular rules or evidence

67
Q

What is the most difficult type of surveillance?

A

Moving surveillance

68
Q

What are the two basic forms of surveillance?

A
  1. Physical surveillance

2. Technical surveillance

69
Q

How is physical surveillance performed?

A

By humans

70
Q

How is technical surveillance performed?

A

By technical and electronic equipment

71
Q

What are the three kinds of moving surveillance?

A
  1. Keep subject under observation regardless of whether you are made
  2. Discreet surveillance (Discontinued as needed to keep from being made)
  3. Keep subject under observation at all times and do not get made
72
Q

How should surveillance logs be treated?

A

Should be maintained and may be introduced into evidence

73
Q

Surveillance is or is not expensive?

A

Is expensive

74
Q

What are two other phrases for electronic surveillance?

A

Bugging or wiretapping

Investigations (8 decks)

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