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Class 22010 Lab > METHODS OF BLOOD COLLECTION > Flashcards

METHODS OF BLOOD COLLECTION Flashcards

1
Q

What is a method of blood collection by skin puncture?

A

Capillary puncture

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2
Q

What is the blood collection method of choice with pediatric patients?

A

Capillary puncture

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3
Q

What is a useful blood collection method for adults with extreme obesity, severe burns, and thrombotic tendencies?

A

capillary puncture

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4
Q

Where is blood collected from with capillary punctures?

A
  1. heel
  2. finger
  3. earlobe
  4. toe
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5
Q

What is the most common site for capillary puncture in infants?

A

Plantar surface of the heel perpendicular to the big toe

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6
Q

What is the site of blood collection for capillary punctures in older infants and elderly people?

A

the palmer (fleshy) surface of the distal phalanx of the middle finger or ring finger, with the middle finger being the first choice

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7
Q

What is a blood collection procedure via the patient’s vein?

A

venipuncture method

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8
Q

What is considered the best method of blood collection?

A

Venipuncture

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9
Q

What is a primary source of specimen for clinical laboratory analyses because of the relative ease of obtaining it?

A

Venous blood

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10
Q

What is the equipment needed for a capillary puncture?

A
  1. sterile gauze pads
  2. 70% ETOH or Betadine solution
  3. Lancet
  4. Capillary tubes or QBC Star tube
  5. Bandage
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11
Q

What is the max depth the lancet should not exceed into the fingertips?

A

2mm

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12
Q

What should you do to avoid dilution of the specimen with tissue fluid when performing a capillary puncture?

A

Wipe away the first drop of blood

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13
Q

True or False

You should squeeze the finger when performing a capillary puncture

A

False

you should avoid squeezing and use gentle pressure

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14
Q

How close to the skin should the capillary tube be placed to the skin of the fingertip when performing a capillary puncture?

A

15 degrees

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15
Q

Why should you not draw from IV sites?

A

It dilutes the specimen and can alter test results

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16
Q

What is the equipment needed for a venipuncture?

A
  1. sterile gauze pads
  2. 70% ETOH/Betadine solution
  3. Tourniquet
  4. Vacutainer needle
  5. Vacutainer holder
  6. Vacutainer tubes
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17
Q

Where should the tourniquet be placed on the patients arm when performing a venipuncture?

A

about 2-3 inches above the antecubital area

18
Q

Can you use a blood pressure cuff for patients whose veins are difficult to find?

A

yes

19
Q

How should the needle be positioned against the skin when performing a venipuncture?

A

15 degree angle with the skin, bevel up

20
Q

True or False

You should gently shake the tube with an anticoagulant and mix well to prevent clotting

A

False

gently invert any tubes with anticoagulant and mix well to prevent clotting

21
Q

What must be used to obtain a whole blood specimen for testing?

A

an anticoagulant

22
Q

What is a liquid coagulant used in purple tops?

A

Ethylenediaminetetracetic Acid (EDTA)

23
Q

What hematology studies is EDTA usually used in?

A
  1. CBC

2. Differential WBC

24
Q

What is the most widely used anticoagulant?

A

EDTA

25
Q

Does EDTA affect cellular morphology?

A

No

26
Q

How long can specimens be refrigerated for?

A

approximately 24 hours

27
Q

What is a powder anticoagulant used in light blue tops?

A

sodium citrate

28
Q

What coagulation studies is sodium citrate typically used for?

A
  1. Prothrombin Time (PT)

2. Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

29
Q

What is a liquid or powder anticoagulant in green tops?

A

Heparin

30
Q

What anticoagulant inhibits the clotting enzyme, thrombin, by creating an antithrombin ?

A

Heparin

31
Q

What plasma studies and chemistry testing (piccolo chemistry analyzer) is heparin typically used for?

A
  1. Ammonia

2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

32
Q

Red top tubes

A 
No anticoagulants or additives 
Used mainly for:
1. chemistry 
2. serology 
3. blood bank 
4. other testing requiring serum
33
Q

Serum separator tube (SST)/Gold Top, Tiger Top, HIV tube (red/yellow)

A
  1. No anticoagulant
  2. contains a serum separator gel
  3. primarily used for chemistry testing
34
Q

Sodium fluoride

A
  1. grey top tube
  2. used for glucose studies
  3. ETOH level analysis
  4. Inhibits Glycolysis
35
Q

Phlebotomy procedural errors

Using IV sites will result in what?

A

Dilution of the sample with intravenous fluids

36
Q

Phlebotomy procedural errors

Prolonged application of a tourniquet will produce what?

A

an increase in blood cell concentration (hemoconcentration)

37
Q

Phlebotomy procedural errors

What would happen if you used to wrong tube?

A

unable to perform the correct test

38
Q

True or False

You should draw specimens into non-additive tubes before tubes with additives

A

True

39
Q

What could happen if you short fill a sample tube?

A

could render the specimen unacceptable due to the quantity not being sufficient to perform the test

40
Q

What are these examples of?

  1. Syncope (fainting)
  2. Infection
  3. Continued bleeding
A

Blood Draw Complications

Class 22010 Lab (7 decks)

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