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Class 22010 Lab > METHODS OF BLOOD COLLECTION > Flashcards

METHODS OF BLOOD COLLECTION Flashcards

1
Q

What is a method of blood collection by skin puncture?

A

Capillary puncture

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2
Q

What is the blood collection method of choice with pediatric patients?

A

Capillary puncture

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3
Q

What is a useful blood collection method for adults with extreme obesity, severe burns, and thrombotic tendencies?

A

capillary puncture

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4
Q

Where is blood collected from with capillary punctures?

A
  1. heel
  2. finger
  3. earlobe
  4. toe
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5
Q

What is the most common site for capillary puncture in infants?

A

Plantar surface of the heel perpendicular to the big toe

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6
Q

What is the site of blood collection for capillary punctures in older infants and elderly people?

A

the palmer (fleshy) surface of the distal phalanx of the middle finger or ring finger, with the middle finger being the first choice

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7
Q

What is a blood collection procedure via the patient’s vein?

A

venipuncture method

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8
Q

What is considered the best method of blood collection?

A

Venipuncture

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9
Q

What is a primary source of specimen for clinical laboratory analyses because of the relative ease of obtaining it?

A

Venous blood

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10
Q

What is the equipment needed for a capillary puncture?

A
  1. sterile gauze pads
  2. 70% ETOH or Betadine solution
  3. Lancet
  4. Capillary tubes or QBC Star tube
  5. Bandage
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11
Q

What is the max depth the lancet should not exceed into the fingertips?

A

2mm

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12
Q

What should you do to avoid dilution of the specimen with tissue fluid when performing a capillary puncture?

A

Wipe away the first drop of blood

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13
Q

True or False

You should squeeze the finger when performing a capillary puncture

A

False

you should avoid squeezing and use gentle pressure

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14
Q

How close to the skin should the capillary tube be placed to the skin of the fingertip when performing a capillary puncture?

A

15 degrees

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15
Q

Why should you not draw from IV sites?

A

It dilutes the specimen and can alter test results

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16
Q

What is the equipment needed for a venipuncture?

A
  1. sterile gauze pads
  2. 70% ETOH/Betadine solution
  3. Tourniquet
  4. Vacutainer needle
  5. Vacutainer holder
  6. Vacutainer tubes
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17
Q

Where should the tourniquet be placed on the patients arm when performing a venipuncture?

A

about 2-3 inches above the antecubital area

18
Q

Can you use a blood pressure cuff for patients whose veins are difficult to find?

19
Q

How should the needle be positioned against the skin when performing a venipuncture?

A

15 degree angle with the skin, bevel up

20
Q

True or False

You should gently shake the tube with an anticoagulant and mix well to prevent clotting

A

False

gently invert any tubes with anticoagulant and mix well to prevent clotting

21
Q

What must be used to obtain a whole blood specimen for testing?

A

an anticoagulant

22
Q

What is a liquid coagulant used in purple tops?

A

Ethylenediaminetetracetic Acid (EDTA)

23
Q

What hematology studies is EDTA usually used in?

A
  1. CBC

2. Differential WBC

24
Q

What is the most widely used anticoagulant?

25
Does EDTA affect cellular morphology?
No
26
How long can specimens be refrigerated for?
approximately 24 hours
27
What is a powder anticoagulant used in light blue tops?
sodium citrate
28
What coagulation studies is sodium citrate typically used for?
1. Prothrombin Time (PT) | 2. Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
29
What is a liquid or powder anticoagulant in green tops?
Heparin
30
What anticoagulant inhibits the clotting enzyme, thrombin, by creating an antithrombin ?
Heparin
31
What plasma studies and chemistry testing (piccolo chemistry analyzer) is heparin typically used for?
1. Ammonia | 2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
32
Red top tubes
``` No anticoagulants or additives Used mainly for: 1. chemistry 2. serology 3. blood bank 4. other testing requiring serum ```
33
Serum separator tube (SST)/Gold Top, Tiger Top, HIV tube (red/yellow)
1. No anticoagulant 2. contains a serum separator gel 3. primarily used for chemistry testing
34
Sodium fluoride
1. grey top tube 2. used for glucose studies 3. ETOH level analysis 4. Inhibits Glycolysis
35
Phlebotomy procedural errors Using IV sites will result in what?
Dilution of the sample with intravenous fluids
36
Phlebotomy procedural errors Prolonged application of a tourniquet will produce what?
an increase in blood cell concentration (hemoconcentration)
37
Phlebotomy procedural errors What would happen if you used to wrong tube?
unable to perform the correct test
38
True or False You should draw specimens into non-additive tubes before tubes with additives
True
39
What could happen if you short fill a sample tube?
could render the specimen unacceptable due to the quantity not being sufficient to perform the test
40
What are these examples of? 1. Syncope (fainting) 2. Infection 3. Continued bleeding
Blood Draw Complications

Class 22010 Lab (7 decks)

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