Methods in development(Classical approaches 2) Flashcards
What is grafting?
Moving a piece of a tissue from one embryo to another
What is orthotopic grafting?
-This consists of taking one tissue from the embryo and placing it in the same location as the donor cell but in the host cell
What is heterotopic grafting?
-This consists of taking one tissue from the embryo and placing it in a different location as the donor cell but in the host cell
Where does the neural tube travel along in developing vertebrate embryos?
-Neural tube travels along the dorsal midline of the developing vertebrate embryos
What structure is present under the neural tube?
-Under the neural tube, there’s the notochord which is a rod like structure
What is the notochord the source of and what is it important for?
-The notochord is the source of signals which have inductive properties and are important to establish the fate of the neurons that derive from the ventral portion of the developing neural tube.
What is competence?
-The ability to respond to an inductive signal
What is the neural tube competent to?
-The neural tube is competent to respond to the inductive signal released by the notochord
What is different potential?
When other parts of the embryo may respond differently to the same inductive signal
What is totipotent?
-Can give rise to all tissues(the fertilised egg)
What is pluripotent?
-Can give rise to many tissues
What happens to cells progressively in terms of potential during development?
-Cells often become progressively more restricted in their potential during development
What does restriction in potential depend on?
-Restriction in potential often depends on inductive interactions from neighbouring cells
What do vegetal cells eventually form?
-The vegetal cells will eventually form the endoderm
What do animal cap cells give rise to?
-The animal cap cells will give rise to ectodermal and mesodermal derivatives
What can we grow grafts as?
-We can take grafts of different parts of the embryo and grow them as explants
What does most animal region of the animal cap give rise to?
-We can see that the most animal region of the animal cap gives rise to ectoderm
What do dorsal cells give rise to?
-Dorsal cells give rise to notochordal muscle derivatives
What do ventral cells give rise to?
-Ventral cells give rise to mesenchymal derivatives
What do vegetal tissue induce and how does this work?
- Vegetal tissue induces mesoderm in animal cap
- The animal cap cell layer is put on top of the vegetal cells
- This gives an induced mesodermal tissue
What do dorsal vegetal cells induce from animal cap cells?
-Dorsal vegetal cells induce muscle and notochord from animal cap cells
What do ventral vegetal cells induce from animal cap cells?
-Ventral vegetal cells induce blood and associated tissue from animal cap cells
What is activin and in what way does it work?
-Activin is the mesoderm inducing signal and it works in a concentration dependent way
