Methods

Question 1

Name the 12 hand contacts and locations

Answer 1

pisiform (outer corner of heel of hand)

calcaneal (on the heel of hand)

thenar (body of thumb)

hypothenar (lateral side of palm)

metacarpal/ knife edge (outer edge of the hand)

digital (finger tip)

thumb (finger tip of thumb)

web (web between index and thumb)

index (medial side of first knuckle of index finger)

proximal interphalangeal (inner second knuckle of finger)

distal IP (inside of last knuckle of finger)

Question 2

How do you locate the T3 spinous process?

Answer 2

Find the clavicle

Move laterally to the AC joint

Move posteriorly on the acromion process

Follow acromion medially along spine of the scapula

Follow medially until contact T3 SP

Question 3

How do you locate the T7 spinous process?

Answer 3

Find the scapula

Palpate the inferior angle
(can use chicken wing to aid)

Follow medially until contact T7 SP

Question 4

When will you locate T7 vs T6 using inferior angle of scapula?

Answer 4

T7 will be found when patient is standing or seated. T6 will be found if patient is prone.

Question 5

How do you locate T12 spinous process?

Answer 5

Palpate the patients trunk until you feel soft tissue below the last rib

Palpate superiorly until last rib is located

Follow rib medially and superiorly to T12 SP

Question 6

What SP will you find if you track medially from last rib?

Answer 6

L1-L2

Question 7

How do you locate the transverse processes of the thoracic spine?

Answer 7

T1-4: palpate up 1 interspace and over 2 finger widths

T5-8: palpate up 2 interspaces and over 2 finger widths

T9-12: palpate up 1 spinous process and over 1 finger width

Question 8

How do you locate the L4 spinous process?

Answer 8

in females: medial to iliac crest is L4-L5 interspace

in males: medial to iliac crest is L4 spinous process

Question 9

How do you locate the L5 spinous process?

Answer 9

Find the PSIS

Medial to this is the S2 tubercle

Palpate superiorly from S2, feeling for impression and then L5 spinous process

Question 10

How do you locate the lumbar mammillary processes?

Answer 10

L1-3: up 1 interspace and over 1 finger width

L4-5: up 1 interspace and over 2 finger widths

Question 11

What are the lumbar active range of motions and corresponding degrees of RoM?

Answer 11

Flexion 90
Extension 30
Right/Left Rotation 30
Right/ Left Lateral Flexion 35

Question 12

How do you set up and execute the ‘supported Adam’s test’?

Answer 12

Patient stands facing away from doctor and flexes forwards upon instruction.

The doctor uses the side of their hip against the back of the patients hips, holding the patients ASIS’s.

Question 13

How do you interpret the results of the ‘supported Adam’s test’?

Answer 13

If pain subsides with pelvic bracing it is a pelvic problem.

If pain persists with support, it is a lower back problem

Question 14

Locate the PSIS

Answer 14

Find Iliac Crests and palpate inferiorly and medially to the “bumps”

Question 15

Find the S2 Tubercle

Answer 15

In the midline of the PSISs

Question 16

Locate the Ischial Tuberosity

Answer 16

known as the ‘sit bones’ located slightly lateral and inferior to the tip of coccyx

Question 17

Locate the piriformis

Answer 17

Triangulation using: PSIS, Greater Trochanter, Ischial Tuberosity

Question 18

How do you execute the Gillet Knee Raising Test

Answer 18

Kneel behind patient towards one side

patient faces away from doc with hand support

doc has thumb on PSIS of moving leg and thumb on S2 tubercle

have patient flex knee and hip of side being assessed

have patients extend hip on assessment side

repeat on other side

Question 19

How to interpret Gillet Knee Raise Test

Answer 19

as patient raises knee (flex knee and hip) PSIS should move PIM (posterior inferior medial)

as patient extends leg back (ext knee and hip) PSIS should move ASL (anterior superior lateral)

Question 20

What is the External Occipital Protuberance (EOP) and how do you locate it?

Answer 20

Large bump in the midline of posterior skull

Question 21

How do you locate the Mastoid Processes

Answer 21

Lateral, inferior and slightly anterior from EOP

Question 22

How do you locate the C2 spinous process?

Answer 22

First large SP inferior from the EOP

Question 23

How do you locate the C1 transverse processes

Answer 23

inferior and anterior of the tips of the mastoid processes

Question 24

How do you locate the C3,4,5 spinous processes

Answer 24

Use the ‘Three Finger Rule’: place ring finger, middle and index finger just inferiorly to C2 SP and should be on C3,4,5

Question 25

What is known as the vertebral prominence?

Answer 25

C7, it is large!

Question 26

How do you locate C6 and C7 spinous processes?

Answer 26

place index finger on C7 prominence and place middle finger on C6.

Upon flexion C6 should move anteriorly, C7 should not move

Question 27

How do you locate the C2,3 articular pillars?

Answer 27

Locate the C2,3 SP and move laterally 1 finger width

Question 28

How do you locate the C4,5,6,7 articular processes?

Answer 28

From the SP move up 1 interspace and lateral 1 finger width

Question 29

How do you locate the C1 transverse process?

Answer 29

inferior and anterior to the tips of the mastoid processes

Question 30

What are the cervical ranges of motion?

Answer 30

Flexion: 60 degrees
Extension: 75 degrees
Right/Left Rotation: 80 degrees
Right/Left Lateral Flexion: 45 degrees